Implantable textiles grafts

N N, 10 Years of technical usage textiles Medical hi the medical area new products have been the object of r ular articles, namely die hospital and medical textiles, vascular and li ment implants and grafts contention articles and bandages TUT 2 2001 40 37. 

Figure 2.9 Critical surface tension (CST) values between 20 and 25 d per square centimeter are favorable for providing a thrombo-resistant surface. This figure illustrates a satisfactory CST of an umbilical vein graft flow surface after having been retrieved eight months following implantation. Textiles and prosthetics tend to have higher CSTs.

High performance implantable textiles include implants, grafts, sutures, prosthetics and medical devices. The human body is an extremely well-designed and constructed structure, surpassing any machine that man has thus far been able to make. Its complex system and organisation is governed by an... 

Surgical procedures to replace blood vessels that have been damaged by, for example, rapture or thrombosis have been used for decades and are commonly referred to as vascular grafting. In the absence of natural implants, surgeons, researchers and industry have collaborated to develop textile-based artificial implants, vascular grafts, as a replacement for damaged (blood) vessels. 

This example of vascular grafts devices points out the evolution of fibrous implantable medical devices and highlights the great potential offered by each scale level of fibrous structures for biocompatibility improvements. Fibers as well as whole fibrous stmctures should be considered as implantable devices that have inherent abilities to interact with the biological environment at each of the three predetermined scale levels. Study of characteristics and specificities of fibers, fibrous siuface, and fibrous volume should then provide a more forward-looking approach in the textile substitute s area for design and achievement of smart medical implantable textile devices. 

Surgical textiles Non-implantable textiles Implantable textiles Wound dressings, plaster casts, bandages, external fracture fixation systems, etc. Sutures, vascular grafts, ligament and tendon prostheses, bone plates, heart valves, hernia patches, joint replacements, artificial skin, etc. 

Textile materials are used in a wide variety of applications in healthcare and medicine which include implantable materials for in vivo applications. Vascular grafts, artificial ligaments, artificial blood vessels and mesh gra are typical implantable medical devices. High-tech advances in tissue engineering have enabled researchers to cultivate implantable hiunan organs to the required shape by growing living cells on textile sc olds. 

Textiles have different properties, depending on their structure. Waip knitted structures are used when hig elastic deformation is required. This type of mechanical deformation must be concerned for implants that are designed for the reinforcement of an organ, subjected to continuously dynamic stress, for example vascular grafts. Nonwovens have similar fibre structures to natural connective tissue and are well known, and used in tissue engineering because of their mazy structure and good water absorptivity. 

Because textile materials are lightweight, flexible and strong polymers and biological tissues are themselves fibrous polymers, with very similar dimensional, physical and mechanical properties, they have found numerous applications as bioimplants. From their use as sutures and ligatures many thousands of years ago, to hernia repair meshes and vascular grafts in the present century, textiles continue to be explored for use in newer and better performing medical products. The currently available implants can be categorized as one-, two- or three-dimensional structures. 

The recorded literature indicates that the first arterial graft that was made and implanted was a knitted artery, produced by William Edward Shinn, a professor at the College of Textiles at North Carolina State University in the United States in the early 1950s. The device was a knitted structure... 

Pressure pto circumferential stretch ratio X, relationship. (1) commercial vascular graft (CVG) (2) hybrid textile vascular graft (HVG-1, after 3 months of implantation) (3) hybrid textile vascular graft (HVG-2) (4) hybrid textile vascular graft (HVG-1) and (5) human common... 

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