Calorie restriction

Cohen HY, Miller C, Bitterman KJ, Wall NR, Hekking B, Kessler B, Howitz KT, Gorospe M, de Cabo R, Sinclair DA (2004) Calorie restriction promotes mammaUan cell survival by inducing the SlRTl deacetylase. Science 305 390-392... 

Lin SJ, Defossez PA, Guarente L (2000) Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 289 2126—2128 Luo J, Nikolaev AY, Imai S, Chen D, Su F, Shiloh A, Guarente L, Gu W (2001) Negative control of p53 by Sir2alpha promotes cell survival under stress. Cell 107 137-148 Mabley JG, Suarez-Pinzon WL, Hasko G, Salzman AL, Rabinovitch A, Kun E, Szabo C (2001) Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase by gene disruption or inhibition with 5-iodo-6-amino-l,2-benzopyrone protects mice from multiple-low-dose-streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 133 909-919... 

How resveratrol works is not understood. There have been efforts to link resveratrol action to the effect of calorie restriction. " Here is why. 

Lin, S.J., Defossez, P.A. and Guarente, L. (2000) Requirement of NAD and S1R2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science, 289, 2126-2128. 

Rogina, B. and Helfand, S.L. (2004) Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction. Proceedings of the Natioruil Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 15998-16003. 

Bordone, L. and Guarente, L. (2005) Calorie restriction, SIRTl and metabolism understanding longevity. 

Kaeberlein, M., Kirkland, K.T., Fields, S. and Kennedy, B.K. (2004) Sir2-independent life span extension by calorie restriction in yeast. PLoS Biology, 2, E296. 

Cohen, H.Y., Miller, C., Bitterman, K.J., Wall, N.R., Hekking, B., Kessler, B., Howitz, K.T., Gorospe, M., de Cabo, R. and Sinclair, D.A. (2004) Calorie restriction promotes mammalian cell survival by inducing the SlRTl deacetylase. Science, 305, 390-392. 

Lin, S.J., Ford, E., Haigis, M., Liszt, G.and Guarente, L. (2004) Calorie restriction extends yeast life span by lowering the level of NADH. Genes and Development, 18, 12-16. 

Guarente, L. (2008). Mitochondria - a nexus of aging, calorie restriction and sirtuins Cell 132, 171-176. 

Medvedik, O., Lamming, D. W., Kim, K. D., and Sinclair, D. A. (2007). MSN2 and MSN4 link calorie restriction and TOR to sirtuin-mediated lifespn extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Biol. 5, 2330-2341. 

Treatment of type 2 diabetes, at least in its early stages, mainly involves lifestyle modification. -Recommendations include a calorie-restricted diet and increased exercise, with the goal of... 

Scientists are working to unravel the molecular mysteries of why calorie restriction works.This, in turn, should help them to discover compounds that mimic the effects of calorie restriction. Interestingly, one class of compounds that mimics the effects are polyphenols, which are abundant in highly pigmented foods, such as pomegranates, or beverages, such as red wine. 

Cohen S, Glazewski R, Khan S, Khan A. Weight gain with risperidone among patients with mental retardation effect of calorie restriction. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 62(2) 114-6. 

In a recent study, Howitz et al. [2003] showed red-wine-derived resveratrol could increase the SIRT1 activity 13-fold by inhibiting apoptotic cell death through the deacetylation of p53. In the same study they also showed that resveratrol extended the life span by 70% by mimicking calorie restriction by stimulating SIR2 in the yeast cells and, thus, increased DNA stability. In another very recent study on calorie restriction experiments on monkey and other mammalian species, the concept of wine as fountain of youth was reconfirmed [Kujoth et al., 2005],... 

Like all nandrolone esters it was common to stack so-called mass drugs such as testosterone, Anadrol-50, and/or Dianabol with the drug for mass type protocols. During calorie restricted or pre-contest prep periods many reported high quality lean mass tissue resulted when stanozolol, trenbolone, and thyroid hormones were co-administered. 

Remains anabolic during calorie restricted periods. (High protein intake remains necessary) POSSIBLE NEGATIVE EFFECTS TRENBOLONE... 

The 5-deiodinase enzyme activity necessary for liver conversion of T-4 into T-3 requires adequate levels of zinc and selenium. During calorie restricted periods lasting more than 2-3 weeks T-4 conversion to the more active T-3 decreases dramatically greatly reducing fat loss. Adequate zinc intake and absorption prevents the decline in 5-deiodinase that causes this negative by about 67% and adequate selenium levels prevents the decline by about 47%. Obviously both in sufficient amounts are best. 

Dietary measures are always initiated first and may obviate the need for drugs. Exceptions are patients with familial hypercholesterolemia or familial combined hyperlipidemia in whom diet and drug therapy should be started simultaneously. Cholesterol, saturated fats, and trans fats are the principal factors that influence LDL levels, whereas total fat and calorie restriction is important in management of triglycerides. 

Koubova J, Guarente L. How does calorie restriction work Genes Dev 2003 17 313-321. 

Merry BJ. Molecular mechanisms linking calorie restriction and longevity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002 34 1340-1354. 

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