Immunoadjuvants

Drugs (e.g., polynucleotides [e.g., polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid], antitumor agents [e.g., bleomycin], plant alkaloids [e.g., colchicine], synthetic immunoadjuvants [e.g., muramyl peptides]... 

Skeletal Biocompatibility — 0— — COOH Microincapsulation Immunoadjuvant Polymer" 670... 

The same polymer was later shown to possess striking immunoadjuvant features [403,664-670], i.e. to be able to enhance the immunologic response of the body to the stimulus of an antigen. 

Garcon N, Gregoriadis G, Taylor M, Summerfield J. Targeted immunoadjuvant action of tetanus toxoid-containing liposomes coated with mannosylated albumin. Immunology 1988 64 743-745. 

Ryan, E.T. Crean, T.I. John, M. Butterton, J.R. Clements, J.D. Calderwood, S.B. Vivo expression and immunoadjuvancy of a mutant of heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli in vaccine and vector strains of vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 1999, 67, 1694—1701. 

Nakanishi, T. Kunisawa, J. Hayashi, A. Tsutsumi, Y. Kubo, K. Nakagawa, S. Nakanishi, M. Tanaka, K. Mayumi, T. Positively charged liposome functions as an efficient immunoadjuvant in inducing cell-mediated immune response to soluble proteins. J. Controlled Rel. 1999, 61, 233-240. 

The most famous example of non-specific polysaccharide immunoadjuvants is lentinan isolated from Lentinus edodes. Since 1985, lentinan has been used as an antitumor agent. Lentinan is a (1 3)-/3-glucop)ranan bearing (1 6)-/3-glucopyranoside branches (O Scheme 1). This neutral polysaccharide suppresses the proliferation of sarcoma 180 tumors implanted subcutaneously in mice. Its antitumor activity was due to a host-mediated reaction with participation of thymus or thymus-dependent cells [1]. The lymphokines induced by this polysaccharide enhance the activity of lymphocytes (e. g., macrophages, helper T cells, and/or natural killer cells) in a dramatic manner [2,3,4,5]. Lentinan-like (1 3)-/3-glucopyranan (schizophyllan) contained in the insoluble fraction of Schizophyllum commune has the stracture shown in O Scheme 2 and is known to possess antitumor activity [6]. 

Gregoriades G, Panagiotidi C (1989) Immunoadjuvant action of liposomes Comparison with other adjuvants. Immimol Lett 20 237-240... 

Synthetic polyanions, in particular, are known to produce a wide spectrum of effects on immune reactivity (l). They have been shown to induce production of interferon (2) modify RES function (3) and to have immunoadjuvant (U) antiviral ( ) and antitumor activity The antineoplastic activity of pyran copoly-... 

L Chedid, E Lederer. Past, present and future of the synthetic immunoadjuvant MDP and its analogs. Biochem Pharmacol 27 2183, 1978. 

ManjUi MH, Park J-E, Facciponte JG, Wang X-Y, Subjeck JR. Immunoadjuvant chaperone, GRP170, induces danger signals upon interaction with dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2006 84 203-208. 

Upon immunization of rabbits with these conjugates no Immune response could be observed at least in terms of detectable antl-gastrln antibodies. The question arises of whether the immunological castration induced with the covalent N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide/LHRH adduct derives from an immune response to the hormone or from occupancy of the LHRH receptor containing cells with immunoadjuvant moieties and correspondingly, from an immune response to these cells. 

Amino acids and peptides have been coupled to glycosyl isothiocyanates to give A-(glycosylthiocarbamoyl)pcptidcs which, in some cases, have shown immunoadjuvant and antitumor activities.42 The interest of this re-... 

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