Immunoadjuvant activity

Similarly, Hasegawa and co-workers have prepared and tested the immunoadjuvant activity of sulphur-containing MDP-analogues, Including lipophilic N-octadecanoyl-l-thio-derlvatives, some with additional octadecanoyl moieties on S-1 and/or 0-6, 3-deoxy 3-thlo-MDP, and 6-S-acetyl, -octadecyl, and -octadecanoyl-6-deoxy -6-thlo-MDP derivatives. The N-acetyl-muramlc acid lactones (76) yield the corresponding HO-4 unsubstituted methyl esters with retention of the D-gluco-conflguratlon, on silica gel-catalyzed methanolysis In the presence of Imidazole, lactones (76, R H... 

Verweij WR. de Haan L, Holtrop M et aL Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and its B subunit induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in mice by intranasal immunization with influenza virus surface antigen. Vaccine 1998 16(20) 2069-2076. 

Hasegawa, a., Y. Kaneda. M. Amano, M. Kiso, and I. Azuma A facile Synthesis of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and its Carbohydrate Analogs and their Immunoadjuvant Activities. Agric. Biol. Chem. 42, 2187 (1978). 

Kotani, S., Y. Watanabe, F. Kinoshita, T. Shimono, I. Marisaki, T. Shiba, S. Kusumoto, Y. Tarumi, and K. Ikenaka Immunoadjuvant activities of synthetic N-acetyl-muramyl-peptides or aminoacids. Biken J. 18, 105 (1975). 

Kusumoto, S., Y. Tarumi, K. Ikenaka, and T. Shiba Chemical synthesis of N-acetylmuramyl-peptides with partial structures of bacterial cell wall and their analogs in relation to immunoadjuvant activities. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 49, 533 (1976). 

Kusumoto. S.. S. Okada. and T. Shiba Synthesis of 6-O-mycoloyI-N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine with immunoadjuvant activity. Tetrahedron Lett. 4287 (1976). 

Masek, K., M. Zaoral, j. Jezek, and R. Straka Immunoadjuvant activity of synthetic N-acetyl-muramyl-dipeptide. Experientia 34, 1363 (1978). 

C27H45N5O16 695.676 Repeating disaccharide-dipeptide unit of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. Exhibits immunoadjuvant activity. Hygroscopic powder. Mp 170-178° (dec.), [ajo -<-0.6 (c, 1 in H2O). 

The biological activities of bacterial peptidoglycans have been reviewed, and the immunoadjuvant activities of a number of S3oithetic iV-acetylmuramyl-peptides and of derivatives and analogues of iV-acetylmuramyldipeptide (A -acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) have been reported. 

The immunoadjuvant activities of the cell walls of a number of fungi have been examined. Some fungal preparations showed definite adjuvant activity, but fungal cell walls generally seem to be less potent than bacterial cell walls in stimulating either tumoral or cellularTmmune responses. 

Table 7. Immunoadjuvant activity of poly(ICLC) in a tumor challenge study (a).

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