Immunization vesicular systems

Chitosan Nanoparticles in Vesicular Systems for Oral Immunization... 

Antigen contained in chitosan within vesicular systems could elicit both systemic and mucosal immune responses remarkably and hence could be a promising carrier system for a number of antigens other than BSA (Jain et al. 2006). With the identification of such types of carrier systems, which have the potential to elicit systemic immunity following oral administration, a new means of development of cost-effective formulations of potential vaccines may emerge and find wide application. 

Jain, S., Sharma, R.K., and Vyas, S.P. 2006. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated vesicular systems for oral immunization Preparation, in-vitro and in-vivo characterization. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58 ... 

DNA viruses Poxviruses Variola Vaccinia Large particles 200 x 250nm complex symmetry Variola is the smallpox virus. It produces a systemic infection with a characteristic vesicular rash affecting the face, arms and legs, and has a high mortality rate. Vaccinia has been derived from the cowpox virus and is used to immunize against smallpox... 

Anionic polyelectrolytes have been shown to enhance resistance to bacteria and fungi, enhance immune response, inhibit adjuvent arthritis and either depress or stimulate phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system [458,459]. Carboxylic acid polymers have shown interferon induction, antiviral activity, and tumor growth inhibition [460]. The effects include inhibition of sarcoma, leukemia, polyoma and vesicular stomatitis virus. In one application, the cytotoxicity of bleomycin toward cultured mammalian cells was synergisti-cally enhanced by stirring in the presence of high molecular weight polyfacrylic acid) [461]. 

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