Imaging flow studies

K. L. McCarthy, L. Odberg, R. L. Powell 1994, (Turbulent pipe-flow studied by time-averaged NMR imaging - measurements of velocity profile and turbulent intensity), Magn. Reson. Imag. 12, 923. 

Tcm Brain, heart, lung, thyroid, gall bladder, skin, lymph node, bone, liver, spleen, and kidney imaging Blood flow studies... 

A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of the brain can actually determine between the regular and the occasional coffee drinker. Caffeine consistently slows blood flow by 25% to the gray matter of the brain, which contains the cells, and by 20% to the white matter, which contains the connecting nerve fibers. Heavy users of caffeine show more blood flow in the gray matter in the front of the brain when they had abstained for 30 hours, compared to those who infrequently ingest caffeine. With fMRI, the doctor can look inside the brain and observe the phenomenon of caffeine withdrawal in action. 

Chen, Q., Kinzelbach, W., and Oswald, S. (2002). Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for studies of flow and transport in porous media. J. Environ. Qual. 31,477 486. 

Weinberger, D. R., K. F. Berman, R. Suddath, and E. F. Torrey. 1992. Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia A magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. American Journal of Psychiatry 149 890-97. 

This section reviews the application of (confocal) imaging to study the flow response of concentrated suspensions, with emphasis on quantitative analysis as described in the previous sections. We separately discuss disordered systems and systems in which order is present either before or as a result of flow. In each case, the focus is on Brownian systems, but we briefly review non-Brownian systems at the end of each subsection. 

To date, flow studies of Brownian and non-Brownian systems have largely been conducted independently. It is clear that much can be gained by detailed comparison of such studies [171] and that single-particle imaging can provide crucial insights in this exercise [129]. 

Ga-citrate is used to determine plasma volume. Cu-PTSM is used for blood flow studies, while Cu, with its longer half-life, can be attached to tumor-targeting biomolecules for tumor imaging. A more detailed discussion of molecular probes labeled with PET radionuclides is found in Chapter 1 of this book. 

Xenon-127 Accelerator Lung imaging blood flow studies... 

This study describes one stage of a soft tool realisation, which facilitate and improve the task of the expert for x-ray image interpretation and decision-making. We are interested by tbe first four stages of this flow chart. 

NMR is an important teclnhque for the study of flow and diflfiision, since the measurement may be made highly sensitive to motion without in any way influencing the motion under study. In analogy to many non-NMR-methods, mass transport can be visualized by imaging the distribution of magnetic tracers as a fiinction of time. Tracers may include paramagnetic contrast agents which, in particular, reduce the transverse... 

Jeong E K, Aitobeiii S A and Fukushima E 1994 NMR imaging studies of stratified flows in a horizontai rotating oyiinder Rhys. Fluids 6 2901-6... 

---