Image sensors

BE-1042 Nex X ray imaging sensors. Mr. C. Frdjdh Resam Medical Syatema AB... 

Fig. 4. Some electronic device applications using amorphous silicon (a) solar cell, (b) thin-fiLm transistor, (c) image sensor, and (d) nuclear particle detector.

The whole NMR imaging sensor system usually consists of a magnet, a shim system mounted inside the room-temperature bore of the magnet, a gradient system mounted inside the shim system and the rf coil mounted inside the gradient system. In the case of a saddle coil or a birdcage resonator, open access can be realized from the bottom to the top of the entire system with the coil diameter. 

Apart from the sampling principle, sensor layouts can also be subdivided into point-probe sensors, giving averaged information about the analytes within the sensitive field, and imaging sensors, delivering a spatially as well as spectrally resolved image of the investigated area. 

Electron-hole pairs are only produced in areas illuminated by the light and spatially resolved photocurrents can be achieved using a focused scanning beam. Therefore the main advantage of LAPS is that it can work as a chemical imaging sensor the light-addressability of the LAPS allows one to obtain a two-dimensional map of the distribution of the ion concentration. 

The first LAPS utilized silicone nitride (S3N4) as a pH-sensitive layer [68], A light-addressable high resolution pH imaging sensor was applied to the detection of spatially resolved metabolic activity of Escherichia coli colonies on agar medium [69], For a silicone substrate thickness of 20 pm the reported spatial resolution was about 10 pm. The observed pH distribution was in good agreement with the results of simulation based on a two-dimensional diffusion model. 

M. Nakao, T. Yoshinobu, and H. Lwasaki, Scanning-laser-beam semicomductor pH imaging sensor. Sens. Actuators, B 20,119—123 (1994). 

S. Kaneko, Solid-State Image Sensor Masakiyo Matsumura, Charge-Coupled Devices M.A. Bosch, Optical Recording... 

G Yu, J Wang, J McElvain, and AJ Heeger, Large-area, full-color image sensors made with semiconducting polymers, Adv. Mater., 10 1431-1434, 1998. 

Image Sensors and Signal Processor for Digital Still Cameras,... 

Cluster emission, 27 305 Cluster glass transitions, 74 469 Clustering techniques, 6 16-17 Cluster sampling, 26 1018 C-Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene, 74 165 CMOS image sensors, fabrication... 

See also CMOS image sensors bipolar transistors with, 22 249 improving performance of, 22 257 logic circuits with, 22 251-253 Moore s law and device scaling and,... 

Image-receiving layers, in instant photography, 19 279-282 Image sensors... 

Figure 4.2 Schematic diagram of a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor. It consists of a semiconducting substrate (silicon), topped by a conducting material (doped polysilicon), separated by an insulating layer of silicon dioxide. By applying charge to the polysilicon electrodes, a localized potential well is formed, which traps the charge created by the incident light as it enters the silicon substrate.

Schematic diagram of a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor 76... 

P. G. LeComber and W. E. Spear, The Development of the a-Si H Field-Effect Transistor and Its Possible Applications D. G. Ast, a-Si H FET-Addressed LCD Panel S. Kaneko, Solid-State Image Sensor M. Matsumura, Charge-Coupled Devices M. A. Bosch, Optical Recording A. D Amico and G. Fortmato, Ambient Sensors H. Kukimoto, Amorphous Light-Emitting Devices R. J. Phelan, Jr., Fast Detectors and Modulators J. I. Pankove, Hybrid Structures... 

Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications, Jun Ohta... 

M. Nakao, T. Yoshinobu and H. Iwasaki, Improvement of spatial resolution of a laser-scanning pH-imaging sensor, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Pt. 2 Lett., 33 (3A) (1994) L394-L397. 

M. Nakao, S. Inoue, T. Yoshinobu and H. Iwasaki, High-resolution pH imaging sensor for microscopic observation of microorganisms, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 34(1-3) (1996) 234-239. 

T. Yoshinobu, N. Oba, H. Tanaka and H. Iwasaki, High-speed and high-precision chemical-imaging sensor, Sens. Actuators A Phys., 51(2-3) (1996) 231-235. 

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