Idone

These contracted names of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are retained as alternatives for systematic names, sometimes with indicated hydrogen. In addition, names of 0x0 derivatives of fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles that systematically end in -idinone are often contracted to end in -idone when no ambiguity might result. For example. 

Poly (vinyl pyrrol idones) polymerization, 1, 271 Polyviologens synthesis, 1, 286 Pomeranz-Fritsch synthesis isoqutnolines, 2, 428 6, 218 Pongapin synthesis, 4, 710 Poranthericine, 4, 494 ( )-Porantherine synthesis, 2, 377 Porphin, 4, 386 structure, 4, 378 Porphin, mcso-aryltri-p-tolyl-synthesis, 4, 230 Porphin, mcso-tetraalkyl-synthesis, 4, 230 Porphin, mcso-tetraaryl-synthesis, 4, 230 Porphin, mcso-tetraferrocenyl-synthesis, 4, 230 Porphin, meso-tetraphenyl-synthesis, 7, 767 Porphobilinogen biosynthesis, 1, 100... 

The barium gulonate is undoubtedly contaminated with some epimeric idonate. The lactone of the latter substance is removed by recrystallization of the gulonic lactone from Methyl Cellosolve. 

One of the problems with cycloserine (57) as an antibacterial agent is its tendency to dimenze In an attempt to overcome this, the prodrug penti/idone (59) has been prepared The primary amino group essential for the dimenzation reacnon is reversibly blocked to prevent this Penti/idone is synthesized conveniently from cycloserine (57) by merely mixing it with acetyl acetone (58) and storing for two days to achieve the dehydration The resulting pentizidone apparently requires enzymic assistance to release cycloserine in vivo [20]... 

Anionic polymerization of lactams was shown to proceed according to what is called the activated monomer mechanism. With bischloroformates of hydroxy-terminated poly(tetramethyleneglycol) and poly(styrene glycol) as precursors for a polymeric initiator containing N-acyl lactam ends, block copolymers with n-pyrrol-idone and e-caprolactam were obtained by bulk polymerizations in vacuum at 30 and 80 °C, respectively361. ... 

Keywords furans, pyrroles, thiophenes, phospholes, oxazoles, pyrones, pyr-idones, oxazinones, high pressure... 

We have shown (10) that base (dr nucleophilic) catalysed hydrolysis contributes to the decomposition of N-nitroso-2-pyrrol-idone at 25°C in CI2HCCO H and CIH CCO H buffers at pH 1-3, and... 

Treatment of the iV-protected 4-chloro-2-pyridone 151 with sodium prolinate in hot DMSO gives a prolinylpyr-idone, which may then be cyclodehydrated by acetic anhydride to give the pyridopyrrolizinone 152 <1994TL6985> (Scheme 42). The acetoxy group in 152 forms the basis for further functional group transformations, as outlined in... 

An application to n-xylose (LXII) of the Fischer synthesis of 2-amino hexonic acids from pentoses would lead theoretically to a mixture of 2-amino-D-gulonic acid (LXIII) and 2-amino-D-idonic acid (LXIV). 

The formation of inter- and intrapolymer complexes has also been shown to affect the polymerization kinetics. For example, Ferguson and Shah (1968) investigated the influence of intrapolymer complexation on the kinetics of AA in the presence of copolymer matrices composed of either A-vinylpyrrolidone and acrylamide or A--vi nyl pyrrol idone and styrene. The polymerization rate reaches a maximum in the vicinity of AA to VP ratio equal to one for the VP/AAm matrix. This maximum in the polymerization rate is most pronounced in the presence of copolymer with the highest content of VP. When the hydrophilic acrylamide is replaced with the more hydrophobic styrene monomer in the copolymer matrix, the observed maximum in AA polymerization rate occurred at a lower than equimolar ratio of AA to VP. The hydrophilic groups of VP were interacting with the hydrophobic nucleus consisting of the styrene units in the VP/St copolymer, and were thus unable to participate in the formation of the complex unlike in the case of VP/AAm copolymer matrix. 

Deamination of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-idonolactone (27) with nitrous acid led, after oxidation with nitric acid, to 2,5-anhydro-D-glucaric acid39,42 (28). As deamination of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-idonic acid, followed by oxidation, gave 2,5-anhydro-D-idaric acid, the different behavior of the lactone 27 must be due to an attack on the incipient carbonium-ion at C-2 by a favorably disposed hydroxyl group in the molecule, such as at C-5. 

A short synthesis of D-gulono-1,4-lactone (2) from the inexpensive and readily available D-xylose (34) was first reported by Fischer and Stahel,18 and subsequently by others,12,25-31 and is shown in Scheme 6. The addition of hydrogen cyanide to D-xylose (34) resulted in the formation of cyanohydrins 35 and 36 which, on hydrolysis, afforded a mixture of D-gulonic acid (4) and D-idonic acid (37). D-Gulono-1,4-lactone may be obtained in 30-33% yield by recrystallization of the reaction products. In a similar way, L-xylose (l-34) has been converted32,33 in high yield into a mixture of L-gulonic and L-idonic acids. 

Methods for the preparation of L-idonic acid and L-xylose were discussed in Ref. 1. 

Fig. 7.1 Pro-oxidant effect of C60/pol y vi nyI pyrrol idone (C6Q/PVP) complex (1 - in the darkness, 2 - illumination with visible light 15 min, 3 - illumination with visible light 30 min). Test method - fluorescence of 2, 7 -dichlorofluorescein...

The required chirally substituted indoloazepine 219 was prepared by reaction of (5)-l-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine with the methiodide of 4-piper-idone (223), followed by a Fischer indole reaction leading to the V-carboline 224 (Scheme 56). Chlorination and reaction with thallium dimethylmalonate, followed by decarbomethoxylation of the resulting in-... 

Risp idone, parentCTal (Risp dal Constra) Thioridazine (Mellaril) Thiothixene (Navane) TrifluopCTazine (Stelazine)... 

A similar procedure can be used for preparing other 2(l)-pyr-idones. For example, 3-cyano-6-isobutyl-2(l)-pyridone can be obtained from the sodium salt of formylmethyl isobutyl ketone, and 3-cyano-5,6-dimethyl-2(l)-pyridone can be prepared from the sodium salt of a-formylethyl methyl ketone.5... 

Idon is the reorganization energy of the ion-solvent interaction after electron transfer. 

M. Matsuzawa and J. Yoshimura, Synthesis of methyl-4-deoxy-4-C-(hydroxymethyl)-5-0-methyl-2,3-0-methylenc-L-idonate, Carbohydr. Res. 81 C5 (1980). 

From the field of sugar chemistry may be cited the conversion of 5,6-anhydro-l (2-0 Mopropylidetie-ftHD-glucoee (Eq 642) to 1,2-0 iso-propy]idone-6- ziercapto-B--deoxy-a-x>-gJucose on treatment with alkaline hydrogen sulfide,12 -li7c... 

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