Identification of brassinosteroids

Park, S.C. Kim, T.W. Kim, S.K. Identification of brassinosteroids with 24-R-methyl in immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2000, 21, 1274-1276. 

Identification of Brassinosteroids Produced by Crown Gall Cells of Catharanthus roseus... 

Sasa, S. Marumo and T. Kitsuwa. Microanalysis of brassinolide and its CS145 application to the identification of new brassinosteroids in plants. Proc 25th Symp on the Chem of Nat Prod Tokyo 1982 290-297. CS146... 

A combination of the rice lamina inclination assay and GC/MS or GC/SIM analyses have allowed for identification of the brassinosteroids in various plant tissues These include brassinolide, 6-deoxodihydrocastasterone, brassinone from the insect galls of Castanea crenata (18,20) castasterone and 6-deoxodihydrocastasterone from the stems, leaves and flowers of Castanea crenata (20) brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol (7), and teasterone (8) from leaves of Thea sinensis (21-23) castasterone and brassinone from the fruit of Pharbitis purpurea ( Japanese morning glory ) (24) brassinolide, castasterone and 24-epibrassinolide(29) from immature seed and/or pollen of Vida faba (broad bean ) (25,26) brassinolide and castasterone from the pollen of Alnus glutinosa (European alder) (27). 

We express our thanks to Prof. K. Syono of Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, The University of Tokyo for his collaboration to supply us cell lines from Catharanthus roseus and rice, to Prof. T. Yokota of Department of Bioscience, Teikyo University for his collaboration in identification of the brassinosteroids. We also wish to thank Dr. K-H. Park, Mrs S. Nakagawa, Miss M. C. Cifuentes-Barreto, Miss M. Ohtsuka and Miss M. Yamamoto for their collaboration in these studies at our laboratories. 

Following the discovery of brassin in 1970 (1 ), the isolation and chemical characterization of the active ingredient brassinolide (BR) in 1979 (2) and the subsequent identification of a number of other naturally-occurring brassinosteroids (BS) (see 2) considerable research effort has been directed towards determining the taxonomic and morphological distribution and biological activity of these compounds in plants. 

Since the first isolation and identification of brassinolide (BR) from rape pollen by Grove et al in 1978 (7), a wide occurrence in the plant kingdom of related steroidal compounds which are now collectively called brassinosteroids, as well as BR itself, has been confirmed (2). 

The discovery of brassinolide by scientists at USDA led to the development of a new group of plant growth substances, termed brassinosteroids, which have the potential for increasing crop yields and biomass. The chapter summarizes the USDA s contributions to brassinosteroids, which include isolation and identification of brassinolide, synthesis of brassinolide and its analogs, and limited biological and field studies on brassinosteroids. An overview of the current data requirements for the registration of brassinosteroids as biochemical pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act is presented. 

Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in rice plants, 308,31Or levels in squash hypocotyls, 315/.316 Active component of brassins identification, 9,lQf pilot plant extraction, 6,7/,8 solvent partition and column chromatography, 8 Adventitious root(s) development, 233,234r,235 formation, 247 Agriculture, application of 24-epibrassinolide, 280-290 22-Aldehydes, synthesis of brassinosteroids, 47-50f a hormone function, description for brassins, 4... 

The structural determination of endogenous brassinosteroids, present only in minute amounts in plant material, requires the availability of corresponding reference standards. Thus, for the final identification of the new brassinosteroid secasterone (32) isolated from Secale cereale (see, Section 2), the four epimeric brassinosteroids with 2,3-epoxy function derived from castasterone (3) and 24-epicastasterone (13), respectively, were synthesized (Scheme 6).69... 

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