Castanea crenata

A combination of the rice lamina inclination assay and GC/MS or GC/SIM analyses have allowed for identification of the brassinosteroids in various plant tissues These include brassinolide, 6-deoxodihydrocastasterone, brassinone from the insect galls of Castanea crenata (18,20) castasterone and 6-deoxodihydrocastasterone from the stems, leaves and flowers of Castanea crenata (20) brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol (7), and teasterone (8) from leaves of Thea sinensis (21-23) castasterone and brassinone from the fruit of Pharbitis purpurea ( Japanese morning glory ) (24) brassinolide, castasterone and 24-epibrassinolide(29) from immature seed and/or pollen of Vida faba (broad bean ) (25,26) brassinolide and castasterone from the pollen of Alnus glutinosa (European alder) (27). 

Chestnut has been part of the staple diet in many countries for centuries. It has a sweet and nutty flavor, and its texture is like a firm baked potato and not crunchy compared to other nuts. Chestnut, which is classified as a temperate nut, requires cold winters and warm summers. It has been grown on all continents in northern hemisphere and Austraha [2,3]. hi Asia, the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata) has been cultivated since the eleventh century and the Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), possibly for 6000 years. In the Mediterranean region, chestnut has been cultivated for at least 3000 years [2]. In Europe, chestnut spreads from south to north and from Mediterranean to Sweden. It was brought to the Alps and Appennines, and new villages were built only where chestnut could grow and produce fruits [4]. 

Hwang, J.-Y, Hwang, I.-K., and Park, J.-B., Analysis of physicochemical factors related to the automatic pellicle removal in Korean chestnut Castanea crenata), J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 6045-6049, 2001. 

C13H16O10 332.263 Isol. from Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut). Amorph. powder. [ajJ, +19.9 (c, 1.0 in H2O). Exists as an equilibrated mixt. of a- and P-anomers. 

Isol. from the bark of Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut). Needles + H2O (H2O). 

Tanaka T, Ueda N, Shinohara H, Nonaka G-I, Fujioka T, Mihashi K, Kouno I (1996) C-Glycosidic ellagitannin metabolites in the heartwood of Japanese chesnut tree (Castanea crenata SIEB. et ZUCC.). Chem Pharm Bull 44 2236-2242... 

The largest identified oligomeric C-glucosidic ellagitannin to date is a vescalagin/ castalagin-based pentamer, called castaneanin D (54, Fig. 4.14), which has been isolated by Kouno and associates coworkers (Tanaka et al, 1996) from the heartwood of the fagaceous Japanese chestnut tree (i.e., Castanea crenata SIEB. et ZUCC., Japanese name Kuri). 

Mayer first isolated dehydrodigallic acid (50, R = H) from Sweet Chestnut leaves [Castanea saliva (55)] and more recently Ozawa and Taking (64, 65) have described two new phenolic glycosides chestanin (58) and chesnatin from Castanea crenata galls. Both chestanin and chesnatin contain the dehydrogallic acid structural fragment (50) ester-... 

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