ICI Zeneca

Originally developed by ICI-Zeneca Bioproducts. Information not available. 

Tablet Formulations. In this domain reported systems have been developed by personnel at Cadila Laboratories Ltd, in Ahmedabad, India, by ICI/ Zeneca/AstraZeneca in the UK, by a consortium of pharmaceutical companies in Japan, and by Pfizer UK.

Pyrethroid insecticides. Continued interest in and research into this important class of insecticides has resulted in a number of important discoveries, one of which involved replacement of the vinylic chlorine of traditional pyrethroids with trifluoromethyl to give X-cyhalothrin (Cyhalon , Grenade ) (ICI/Zeneca) [171], in... 

In the late 1990s he was involved in the installation and commissioning of process scale HPLC at Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. During 18 years with CRB, ICI, Zeneca and Avecia he was instrumental in establishing the technique of preparative HPLC within the company and served 11 years as the secretary of the company s Process Scale Chromatography Group. 

This paper includes work by our coworkers D. J. Gilbert, X-Z. Sun, E. F. Walsh, P. D. Lee and S. Seebald. We are grateful for the support of EPSRC Clean Technology Unit, the Royal Society, The EU Human Capital and Mobility Programme, ICI, Zeneca and the Royal Academy of Engineering. We thank Mr M. Guyler and Mr K. Stanley for their assistance. 

The first recorded reference to the use of expert systems in pharmaceutical product formulation was by Bradshaw on the April 27,1989, in the London Financial Times, closely followed by an article in the autumn of the same year by Walko. Both refer to the work then being undertaken by personnel at ICI/Zeneca Pharmaceuticals (now AstraZeneca), United Kingdom (UK) and Logica UK Ltd. to develop expert systems for formulating pharmaceuticals using Formulogic. Since that time, several companies and academic institutions have reported on their experiences in this area (Table 1). This article will review these applications. 

Launch (year/company) 1986 DuPont 1986 ICI/Zeneca 1986 Rohm Haas... 

For example, the fluorine atom was introduced [17] into the broad-spectrum fungicide flutriafol (7 1984, Impact , ICI/Zeneca, now Syngenta) [18] as a chemical isostere of the tertiary hydroxy group (-OH -F, isoelectronic), which is essential for the fungicidal activity of the triazole (Fig. 35.3). 

In contrast, a different orientation of the 4-chloro-3-phenoxy-benzyl moiety and a lower insecticidal activity were observed. The launch of FsC-containing pyrethroids started in the 1980s with 7-cyhalothrin (17) [70] from ICI/Zeneca (now Syngenta). That 17 represents the optimum choice of fluorine-containing substituents for activity has been shown by comparison with other fluorinated derivatives [F3C(C1)C=] > [F3C(F)C=] = [Cl(Cl)C=] = [F(F)C=] [F3C(F3C)C=]. 

Although all the major multinational chemical giants have manufacturing facilities in the U.K., either directly or via subsidiary companies, we shall confine our attention here to those which are incorporated, or have their headquarters, in the U.K. They are Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), Zeneca, Shell Chemicals, B.P. Chemicals, Croda International, Smith Kline Beecham, Glaxo, Fisons, Albright and Wilson, Laporte, Rio Tinto Zinc, and Unilever. Let us now briefly consider each of these in turn. 

A copolyester of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (P(3HB-co-3HV)) was first commercially produced by ICI/Zeneca in 1983 via fermentation, and was available on the market under the tradename Biopol. The chemical structure of polyhydroxyvalerate is presented in Figure 10.3. 

In 1996, Monsanto acquired the technology platform to produce Biopol from ICI/ Zeneca and then sold it to Metabolix in 2001. 

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