Hyposecretion

In central diabetes insipidus a hypophysial malfunction, caused by different diseases as well as head injuries, neurosurgery, or genetic disorders, leads to AVP hyposecretion. This type of diabetes insipidus can successfully be treated by the exogenous administration of AVP or AVP analogues (e.g. desmopressin). 

Hyposecretion of pituitary during childhood leads to dwarfism which is of two type, Lorain type and Frohlich s type and is characterized by shmted growth of the skeleton with resultant dwarfism. ... 

Hyposecretion during adult life leads to Simmond s disease and is characterized by dry and wrinkled skin, grey hair and there is a atrophy of the sexual organs and cessation of menstrual cycle in the female. 

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to development of Addison s disease which is characterized by loss of appetite, muscular weakness, loss of weight due to loss of water, hypoglycemia, subnormal body temperature, decreased basal metabolic rate, increased blood potassium, decreased blood sodium and inability to maintain the normal protein deposition in the muscles. 

A drug may also be used to diagnose a disease. Histamine has been used to assess the ability of the stomach to secrete acid and to determine parietal cell mass. If an acidity or hyposecretion... 

Schirmer I (without anesthetic. <5 mm wetting in 5 minutes Hyposecretion disorder... 

Basal plus Basic tearing) Basic secretion test (with anesthetic) <10 mm wetting in 10 minutes >15 mm wetting in 5 minutes <5 mm wetting in 5 minutes Strongly suggestive of hyposecretion disorder No conclusions need further evaluation Basal tear secretion deficit... 

Empirical drug discovery, despite its successes, is not without intrinsic problems the identification of a lead compound is divorced from an understanding of its mechanism of action, making lead optimization difficult since there is no easily quantifiable way to ascertain whether an analog will have greater effect. Additionally, the value of an empirical screen depends on its predictive ability. In some cases, such as acid hyposecretion or H2-receptor binding assays. 

In addition to synthesis, the release of hormones from the storage compartment in cells also controls the amount of hormones in circulation. Reserpine and amphetamine are examples of compounds that affect hormone storage in granular vesicles. Compounds that activate LH receptors could potentially cause hypersecretion of testosterone from the Leydig cells (site of testosterone synthesis in the testes). On the other hand, direct cell injury of secretory cells may cause hyposecretion. 

Insufficient growth hormone Hyposecretion of growth hormone is referred to as GH deficiency and results in the patient not reaching a normal height. 

Hypersecretion of adrenal hormones is called Cushing s syndrome. Hyposecretion of adrenal hormones is called Addison s disease. Table 21.2 shows the effects hypersecretion and hyposecretion of the adrenal gland. 

What happens if there is hyposecretion of growth hormone ... 

Hyposecretion of growth hormone is treated with Somatrem (growth hormone replacement) and Somatropin (growth hormone replacement). 

Even when time of sampling, posture, drug intake, and diet are controlled, it is often difficult to identify disorders of mineralocorticoid secretion on the basis of basal hormone concenti ations alone. A variety of dynamic tests have therefore been developed to help document hypersecretion or hyposecretion of aldosterone and renin. 

As with any body system, there is the possibility of disease and malfunction glands can secrete too much (hypersecretion) or too little (hyposecretion) of their hormones cells in tissues can have altered sensitivity to hormones feedback control systems can break down. In these cases, hormones or their synthetic analogues are used as drugs. In other cases, hormones are used as drugs in ways that differ from their physiological role. 

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone due to absence or incomplete development of the thyroid in early life causes cretinism, which is characterized by stunted growth and mental deficiency. 

Disorders of the thyroid gland are relatively common and can be due to either hyper-or hyposecretion of thyroid hormone. Hypersecretion is treated by surgery or with car-bamazepine or radioactive iodine. Hyposecretion is managed with thyroxine replacement therapy. 

There are several disorders of the adrenal glands. Hypersecretion of aldosterone (Conn s syndrome) is treated with an aldosterone antagonist. Hypersecretion of cortisol (Cushing s syndrome) and testosterone (androgenital syndrome) are managed with surgery or irradiation. Hyposecretion of aldosterone and cortisol (Addison s disease) is life threatening and must be treated with replacement therapy of both hormones. 

Explain how it is possible for autoimmune disease to cause hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in one condition and hypersecretion in another. 

Cusling s Syndrome A syndrome resulting from hyposecretion of the ademal cortex in which there is excessive production of glucocorticoidsi. 

Myxedema (i.e., hypothyroidism with hyposecretion of glucocorticoids/ cortisone, which function like aldosterone)... 

Davenport H W. Is the apparent hyposecretion of acid by patients with gastric ulcer a consequence of a broken barrier to diffusion of hydrogen ions into the gastric mucosa Gut 6 513, 1965. 

The level of the calcium in blood is largely maintained by the action of the parathyroid glands which are stimulated to hypersecretion of their hormone by low serum levels and generally to hyposecretion by high levels, the effect being to bring about a return of calcium concentration to normal. The actions of this and other factors influencing blood calcium are discussed later in this chapter. 

Parasympatholytic agents (e.g., atropine, the belladonna alkaloids) cause hyposecretion and hypomotility (atony). These agents have been used to treat diarrhea. 

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