Hypoglycaemics

Oral hypoglycaemic agents Oral blood glucoselowering drugs Insulin secretagogues Antihypergly-caemics... 

Katp channels are the targets for two classes of therapeutic agents, hypoglycaemic drugs like glibencla-mide or nateglinide and potassium channel openers like... 

Senior, A.E. Shenatt, H.S.A. (1968). Biochemical effects of the hypoglycaemic compound pent-4-enoic acid and related non-hypoglycemic fatty acids. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates. Biochem. J. 110,499-509. 

Sherratt, H.S.A. (1981). Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by non-honnonal hypoglycaemic compounds. In Shott-Tenn Regulation of Liver Metabolism (Hue. L. Van de Werve, G.. eds.), pp. 119-227, Elsevier/North Holland Biochemical Press, Amsterdam. 

Murcia-Soler M, Perez-Gimenez F, Naldo-Molina R, Salabert-Salvador MT, Garcla-March FJ, Cercos-del-Pozo RA et al. QSAR analysis of hypoglycaemic agents using the topological indices. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 2001 41 1345-54. 

Arce A et al. Changes in the liver protein pattern of female Wistar rats treated with the hypoglycaemic agent SDX PGU 693. Life Sci 1998 63 2243-2250. 

Some 2-amino derivatives (36) have been reported to show local anaesthetic, parasympathomimetic, long-lasting myorelaxant, brief hypotensive and mild antiarrhythmic activities [83]. Analogous cyclic amidines (37) with a 3-phenyl group were examined for potential hypoglycaemic agents [7]. Ten of 16 compounds showed weak to moderate activity in the rat. The most active compound was (37, R1 = OMe R2 = R3 = H, R4 = cyclopropyl), although it was less active than tolbutamide [84]. 

M. Fujimaki, N. Ishigaki, H. Hakusui, Metabolic Fate of the Oral Hypoglycaemic Agent, Midaglizole, in Rats , Xenobiotica 1989, 19, 609-625. 

Three hypotheses have been put forward to account for central fatigue the hypoglycaemic hypothesis the dopamine hypothesis and the 5-hydroxytryptamine hypothesis. 

Q85 Enalapril may precipitate a hypoglycaemic attack in a diabetic patient. Enalapril may potentiate the effect of sulphonylureas. 

Repaglinide is a newer oral hypoglycaemic agent, indicated in type 2 diabetes either in combination with metformin or as monotherapy. Repaglinide stimulates insulin release. 

Which of the following is particularly useful in a hypoglycaemic reac-... 

Diabetic patients are advised to carry sweets as a source of sugar in case of a hypoglycaemic reaction. 

Hypoglycaemic attacks may develop if the patient follows weight-reducing diets and skips meals. The patient is therefore advised to carry sweets, to be taken if signs of hypoglycaemia develop. 

Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandhopadhyay NG. (1999) Preliminary studies on the inorganic constituents of some indigenous hypoglycaemic herbs on oral glucose tolerance test J Ethnopharm 64 179-184. 

Bobkiewicz-Kozlowska T, Dworacka M, Kuczynski S, Abramczyk M, Kolanos R, Wysocka W, Garcia Lopez PM, Winiarska H. (2007) Hypoglycaemic effect of quinolizidine alkaloidslupanine and 2-thionosparteine on non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 565 240-244. 

Around 40 years ago, the short-lived use of synthalin (II) as a hypoglycaemic drug [2] led to numerous studies on guanidines as potential insulin substitutes [3]. Synthalin itself was withdrawn when it was reported that it can cause liver damage [4], and the widespread interest in guanidines eventually lapsed until the introduction of guanethidine nearly 30 years later. 

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