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Hypocalcemia magnesium deficiency

Common causes of hypocalcemia are chronic renal failure and hypomagnesemia. In chronic renal failure, hypoproteinemia, hyperphosphatemia, low serum 1,25(0H)2D (reduced synthesis because of inadequate renal mass), and/or skeletal resistance to PTH contribute to hypocalcemia. Magnesium deficiency, as discussed in a later section of this chapter, impairs PTH secretion and causes PTH end-organ resistance. [Pg.1894]

Because magnesium deficiency is usually secondary to another disease process or to a therapeutic agent, the features of the primary disease process may complicate or mask magnesium deficiency. Neuromuscular hyperexcitabihty with tetany and seizures may be present. These symptoms and signs may also be due to hypocalcemia, and magnesium deficiency is a common cause of hypocalcemia. Magnesium deficiency impairs PTH secretion and causes resistance to PTH in the kidneys and bone. [Pg.1910]

Other Calcium Disorders. In addition to hypocalcemia, tremors, osteoporosis, and muscle spasms (tetary), calcium deficiency can lead to rickets, osteomalacia, and possibly heart disease. These, as well as Paget s disease, can also result from faulty utilization of calcium. Calcium excess can lead to excess secretion of calcitonin, possible calcification of soft tissues, and kidney stones when combined with magnesium deficiency. [Pg.377]

Magnesium ion is essential for normal Ca " and K" metaboHsm. In acute experimental magnesium deficiency in humans, hypocalcemia occurs despite adequate calcium intake and absorption and despite normal renal and parathyroid functions. Negative K" balance is also observed. AH biochemical and clinical abnormaHties disappear upon restoration of adequate amounts of magnesium to the diet (64). [Pg.381]

Hypomagnesemia - Magnesium sulfate is used as replacement therapy in magnesium deficiency especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia. In such cases, the serum magnesium (Mg++) level is usually below the lower limit of normal (1.5 to 2.5 or 3 mEq/L) and the serum calcium (Ca++) level is normal (4.3 to 5.3 mEq/L) or elevated. [Pg.23]

Parathyroid Hormone Parathyroid hormone raises plasma calcium by direct effects on bone resorption and renal reabsorption of calcium, and indirectly by regulating the metabolism of vitamin D. It is a peptide and acts via cell surface G-protein receptors linked to adenylate cyclase. The parathyroid glands have G-protein cell surface calcium receptors linked to phospholipase G, and parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to hypocalcemia. Magnesium is required for secretion of the hormone, which may explain the development of hypocalcemia in premature infants who are magnesium deficient. [Pg.88]

Hypocalcemia can result from hypoparathyroidism, chronic renaJ failure, vila-niin D deficiency, and hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia occurs mainly in those with alcoholism so severe as to requite hospitaiization. Magnesium deficiency results in a decline in the responsiveness of osteoclasts to FTH, resulting in interruption of the normal process of bone fumover. In this case, hypocalcemia cannot be effectively corrected unless magnesium therapy is used. [Pg.784]

Hypocalcemia is the result of alterations in the effect of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D on the bone, gut, and kidney (see Fig. 49-9). The primary causes of hypocalcemia are postoperative hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency. Other causes include magnesium deficiency, thyroid surgery, medications, hypoalbuminemia, blood transfusions, peripheral blood progenitor cell harvesting, tumor lysis syndrome, and mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor. " Parathyroid hormone concentrations are elevated in conditions of hypocalcemia, with the exception of hypoparathyroidism and hypomagnesemia (Fig. 49-11). ... [Pg.955]

Because hypomagnesemia is often associated with a variety of other electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, it is difficult to ascribe specific clinical manifestations solely to magnesium deficiency. Hypocalcemia is one of the most prominent symptoms of hypomagnesemia. Hypocalcemia is usually detected first because it is more commonly measured in clinical practice. The etiology of hypocalcemia is not entirely clear, but it is probably caused by decreased secretion of PTH, low l,25-(OH)2 vitamin D concentrations, and skeletal resistance to PTH. As with hypokalemia, hypocalcemia accompanied by hypomagnesemia is most effectively treated with magnesium administration. [Pg.977]

Parenteral used for seizure prevention and control in severe preeclampsia or eclampsia without deleterious CNS depression in the mother, fetus, or newborn as replacement therapy in magnesium deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia to correct or prevent hypomagnesemia by addition to total parenteral nutrition admixture hypertension, encephalopathy, and convulsions in children with acute nephritis inhibition of premature labor as treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias for prevention and treatment of nutritional magnesium deficiency and as a laxative. [Pg.401]

A variety of pathological conditions are associated with low serum magnesium levels in humans. Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia frequently accompany magnesium deficiency in humans [27]. Neuromuscular hyperexcitahility characterized by tetany, convulsions, and muscle tremors, ataxia, and muscle weakness have all been observed in hypomagnesemic patients [79]. Hypomagnesemia in humans has also been associated with various cardiovascular abnormalities, including arrhythmias [80], mitral valve prolapse [81], coronary vasospasm [82], myocardial infarction [83,84], and hypertension [85]. [Pg.459]


See other pages where Hypocalcemia magnesium deficiency is mentioned: [Pg.147]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.355]    [Pg.1910]    [Pg.729]    [Pg.1586]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.254 ]




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