Hypothyroidism and hypertension

Father died of acute Ml at the age of 68 years mother, age 72, years is alive, with hypertension and hypothyroid SH... 

Hypertension and Hypothyroidism A Thyroid Dysfunction Frequently Associated with Abnormal Dietary Iodine Intake... 

Figure 109.1 Number of scientific pubiications on hypertension and hypothyroidism from 1985 to 2007. Resuits are obtained from a computer iiterature search using the key words Hypertension and Hypothyroidism. Note that the bar indicates oniy a 2.5-year period, this at variance to aii other bars. Continuous iine indicates exponentiai fit of data.

Moreover, multiple neuroendocrine and metabolic links exist between arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism. 

In this chapter, after presenting an outline of both hypertensive and hypothyroid states, we will review the cardiovascular and (neuro)endocrine relationships between the two disorders, beginning with a discussion of basic cellular mechanisms and concluding with a discussion of pathophysiological and clinically related aspects. 

Mechanisms of Disease Underiying the Hypertensive and Hypothyroid States... 

Multiple neuroendocrine and metabolic finks exist between arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism. Metabolic and neuroendocrine alterations may be associated with arterial hypertension, inducing both adjunctive cardiovascular risk and vascular, cerebral, renal and cardiac pathologies (so-called hypertensive target organ damage ). A hypothyroid dysfunction may interact with all these factors and conditions. 

Episodes may be caused by obesity or fixed upper airway lesions, enlarged tonsils, amyloidosis, and hypothyroidism. Complications include arrhythmias, hypertension, cor pulmonale, and sudden death. 

This point of view overlooks the fact that every well and normal individual is potentially an ill individual, and the roots of disease may be present in his make-up years before there is any overt disease. A dozen young men used as normal controls may each have metabolic peculiarities that point toward a different metabolic derangement gout, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, anemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, nephrosis, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and myasthenia gravis, for example, and yet at the time of their use as controls these young men may show no symptoms of the disease which is to appear later in life. It seems far from safe to assume that because an individual on clinical examination seems well, all of his blood values, for example, are normal and meaningless so far as disease susceptibilities are concerned. 

Beta (/3)-blockers (e.g., propranolol, atenolol, oxyprenolol, pindolol) are used for treating hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. These drugs have proven important in the management of alcohol withdrawal and hypothyroidism.56 -blockers also are used as prophylactics in... 

OSA is cansed by occlusion of the upper airway due to factors such as obesity, and fixed upper airway lesions such as polyps, as well as enlarged tonsils or adenoids or the tongue. It can also be caused by acromegaly, amyloidosis, and hypothyroidism, as well as neurological conditions that impair upper airway muscle tone. Medical complications inclnde arrhythmias, hypertension, cor pulmonale, and sndden death. ... 

The prevalence of hypertension in hypothyroid subjects is nearly triple that seen in the general population. Moreover, the significant correlations found between TH levels and diastolic BP suggest that TH deficiency per se may contribute to an increase in pressure values. 

Mineral balance Severe hypercalcemia (4.95 mmol/l) was reported in a patient with a history of gastric banding for morbid obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism taking calcium supplements and hydrochlorothiazide [lO ]. The... 

The medical problems of these patients have been of some interest. There have been very few specific complaints although deposits in tissues have been thought to cause arthritis in at least one patient. The medical problems of our patients were rather unremarkable. Of the siblings involved two had hypertension and P.J. had bursitis of his left shoulder and elbow which cleared spontaneously. The other siblings had arthritis 3/5, hypertension 1/5, duodenal ulcer, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, lung disease, heart failure each in one instance. Three patients in this kindred had renal stones. P.J. (li) had a staghorn calculus and nephrectomy. He had had a long history of urinary tract infection. 

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