Hyperlipidemic effect

Garlic s proven mechanisms of action include (a) inhibition of platelet function, (b) increased levels of two antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and (c) inhibition of thiol enzymes such as coenzyme A and HMG coenzyme A reductase. Garlic s anti-hyperlipidemic effects are believed to be in part due to the HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibition since prescription medications for hyperlipidemia have that mechanism of action (statins). It is unknown whether garlic would have the same drug interactions, side effects, and need for precautions as the statins. 

Data are available suggesting that DEHP might act as an antagonist for the hepatic damage caused by other chemicals. DEHP was combined with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-/ -dioxin (TCDD) to determine if the hypolipidemic effects of DEHP could counteract the hyperlipidemic effects of the TCDD (Tomaszewski et al. 1988). Pretreatment with DEHP mitigated many of the toxic effects of TCDD. 

The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of DHA-rich Chlorella vulgaris has been studied in a rat model [64]. The results demonstrated that the most promotive anti-hyperlipidemic action was found in the DHA-rich Chlorella group rather than in the DHA oil group or the Chlorella group. The anti-hyperlipidemic action of DHA-rich Chlorella may be synergistic effect between DHA oil and Chlorella components. 

Chlorella and a higher plant couldn t synthesize DHA or EPA. Therefore, DHA-rich Chlorella appears to be a promising candidate for the prevention of life style-related diseases which develop in the elderly subjects. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect was shown in the DUA-Chlorella group, and the elevation of total cholesterol levels in serum was suppressed... 

Thus, it is apparent that soya, some soya products and linseed oil influence blood lipid levels, particularly cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. While the extent of the reduction appears to largely depend on an individual s initial serum cholesterol level, the maximum reductions observed are of the order of 10-15%. For hyperlipidemic individuals this may not be a marked reduction, but such an effect on the general population may well have a beneficial effect on the overall incidence of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The possibility that non-phytoestrogenic dietary components may contribute to the hypocholes-terolemic properties cannot, however, be discounted. Indeed, certain types of dietary fibre have been shown to have a hypolipidemic effect via their ability to increase faecal excretion rates. 

Fibrates are being combined with statins to expand their potential in the dyslipidemia market. A recent clinical study examined the effects of rosuvastatin (10) and fenofibrate as mono and combination therapy in hyperlipidemic diabetic patients [43]. In late 2006, large scale Phase III clinical trials of rosuvastatin in combination with a next-generation fibrate, ABT 335, were initiated for evaluation of safety and efficacy in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. 

Allman et al. (1995) noted that platelet EPA levels were more than double for individuals fed flaxseed oil compared to sunflower oil group. Platelet EPArarachidonic acid ratio (i.e., marker for thromboxane production and platelet aggregation potential) increased in the flaxseed group, thus a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, over LA-rich oils, would be expected. Their findings support the decreased platelet aggregation observed in hyperlipidemic subjects fed flaxseed (Bierenbaum et al., 1993). 

Finnegan, Y.E. and Minihane, A.M. 2003. Plant- and marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated faty acids have differential effects on fasting and postprandial blood lipid concentrations and on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. Am. 

Knopp, R.H. et al., Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 fat-restricted diets in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic men. The Dietary Alternatives Study, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 278, 1509, 1997. 

Canola oil also was effective in lowering plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations of mildly hyperlipidemic subjects fed a low-fat (30% of total energy) diet (120). The decline in plasma total cholesterol when canola oil or com oil provided 20% of the total energy was —12% and —13%, respectively, which was significantly greater than the decline when olive oil ( 7%) supplied the fat. However, canola oil, com oil, and olive oil were equally effective in lowering plasma LDL cholesterol levels (—16%, —17%, and —13%, respectively) elevated plasma LDL cholesterol level is a major risk factor in coronary heart disease. 

Canola oil is characterized by a low level of saturated fatty acids (less than 4% palmitic acid) and relatively high levels of oleic acid (60%) and a-linolenic acid (10%). It is second only to olive oil, among the common fats and oils, in oleic acid level and, except for soybean oil, the only common dietary fat that contains a significant amount of a-linolenic acid. Furthermore, there is a favorable balance in the levels of linolenic and linoleic acids (viz., 18 3/18 2 ratio of 1 2) in canola oil. Canola oil has been found equally as effective as soybean oil, safflower oil, and sunflower oil in reducing plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels in normolipi-demic subjects. It also was effective in reducing plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic subjects when it replaced saturated fat in their diets. Canola oil diets also have been shown to affect the fatty acid composition of blood... 

Miettinen, T.A. and Tarpila, S. 1977. Effect of pectin on serum cholesterol, fecal bile acids and biliary lipids in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals, Clin. Chim. Acta., 79 471—417. 

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