Hyperglycemia, inhibition

Like many other neuropeptides, NT serves a dual function as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system and as a local hormone in the periphery. When administered centrally, NT exerts potent effects including hypothermia, antinociception, and modulation of dopamine neurotransmission. When administered into the peripheral circulation, it causes vasodilation, hypotension, increased vascular permeability, increased secretion of several anterior pituitary hormones, hyperglycemia, inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and inhibition of gastric motility. It also exerts effects on the immune system. 

Biologica.1 Activities a.ndAna.logues, The many pharmacological actions of neurotensin include hypotension, increased vascular permeabihty, hyperglycemia, increased intestinal motility, and inhibition of gastric acid secretion (120). In the brain, it produces analgesia at remarkably low doses (121). 

Chen et al. state that dendrobine produces moderate hyperglycemia, diminishes cardiac activity in large doses, lowers blood pressure, depresses respiration, inhibits isolated rabbit intestine and contracts isolated guinea-pig uterus. It has a weak analgesic, antipyretic action. Chen and Rose found that the convulsions induced by injection of dendrobine can be controlled by use of sodium isoamylethylbarbiturate they appear to be central in origin due to action on the cord and medulla. 

Nickel ions have been shown to depress the in vivo and in vitro release of prolactin [336], while the release of growth hormone was stimulated, and only at relatively high ion concentrations. Hyperglycemia occurs in rats following intraperitoneal or intratracheal injections of NiCl2 [265, 337, 338], The mechanism of action of nickel appears to be inhibition of insulin release this inhibition could be related to the extremely high concentration of nickel found in the pituitary and the effect on the secretion of the pituitary hormones (growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone). 

Answer C. Insulin increases glucose transport in only two tissues, adipose and muscle. The major site of glucose uptake is muscle, which decreases hyperglycemia. Glucose and ketone transport and metabolism are insulin independent in the brain (choice D). Insulin would slow gluconeogenesis (choice A) and fatty acid release from adipose (choice B). Insulin would inhibit glycogenolysis in the liver (choice E). 

Li Y, Peng G Li Q, Wen S, Huang TH-W, Roufogalis BD, Yamahara J. (2004) Salacia oblonga improves cardiac fibrosis and inhibits postprandial hyperglycemia in obese zucker rats. Life Sci 75 1735-1746. 

Flepatic mixed function oxidase inhibition. Oleoresin, administered to rats at a dose of 250 mg%, was active " " ". Hypocholesterolemic activity. A hot mixture of Nigella sativa, Commiphora myrrha, Ferula assafoetida, Aloe vera, and Boswellia serrata, administered by gastric intubation to rats at a dose of 0.5 g/kg for 7 days, was active vs streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia " " ". 

---