Hyperemia

After WWI, Babcock (Ref 2) patented a mixt similar to Parazol for use m military expls. PA can be incorporated in such mixts Toxicity. The crude material is more toxic than the purified. The crude material, when applied to the human skin for 2 hours, produced hyperemia and finally small vesicles, which developed into blisters contg. a clear fluid after 48 hours. After 4 days, the latter started to heal. The dust and fumes were also toxic, and the irritant action of the fumes increased with temp (Ref 5)... 

Although side effects are usually mild, treatment with brimonidine tartrate includes oral dryness, ocular hyperemia, burning and stinging, headache, visual blurring, foreign body sensation, fatigue drowsiness, ovular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus. 

Oral ingestion of diisopropyl methylphosphonate does not appear to induce respiratory effects. Necropsy of both male and female rats that died as the result of a single dose (928, 1362, or 2,000 mg/kg) of diisopropyl methylphosphonate administered by gastric intubation revealed some hyperemia of the lungs however, most animals displayed no abnormalities (Hart 1976). No abnormal necropsy findings were noted in Swiss Webster mice dosed similarly in a companion study (Hart 1976). No important abnormalities were noted in the necropsy of rats receiving diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the diet (0,... 

Active hyperemia. The increase in blood flow caused by enhanced tissue activity is referred to as active hyperemia. Assuming a constant blood pressure, then according to Ohm s law (Q = AP/R), the increase in blood flow is the result of a decrease in local vascular resistance. Tissue metabolism causes several local chemical changes that can mediate this metabolic vasodilation. These include ... 

Resistance in the arterioles of the working muscles is regulated locally. As discussed previously, active hyperemia results in production of several factors that cause metabolic vasodilation. Exercising muscles generate COz, H+ and K+ ions, heat, and adenosine. The vasodilator effect of these locally produced substances overrides the vasoconstrictor effect of the sympathetic system in the muscle. As a result, local vascular resistance is decreased. The combination of increased driving pressure and decreased local vascular resistance causes an increase in blood flow to the working muscles. 

NO was indeed being detected in the subjects. The same group used a similar experimental design to monitor NO concentration, as well as SkBF, during reactive hyperemia under the human skin [126],... 

J.L. Zhao, P.E. Pergola, L.J. Roman, and D.L. Kellogg, Bioactive nitric oxide concentration does not increase during reactive hyperemia in human skin. J. Appl. Physiol. 96, 628-632 (2004). 

Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a part or organ. 

Vapor Local Lungs Rhinorrhea, nasal Hyperemia tightness in chest, wheezing One to several minutes... 

More serious respiratory effects were seen upon histological examination of the respiratory tract at the end of this study. Gross lung changes observed in the rabbits included collapsed dark red areas, hyperemia, and the accumulation of mucous material. The trachea and the major bronchi showed areas of epithelial desquamation, relative atrophy, flattening of the mucosa, and foci of goblet cell metaplasia. 

Clinical signs of ocular irritation (lacrimation, hyperemia of the conjunctiva) were observed throughout a 24-week study in rabbits exposed to 3,000 ppm -hexane (Lungarella et al. 1984). These effects were the result of direct contact of -hcxanc vapor with the eye. 

Moderate hyperemia and discoloration Distinct discoloration in comparison with the... 

Cyanide toxicity was tested in rabbits by applying 1.69-5.28 mg CNVkg/day as sodium cyanide to the inferior conjunctival sac of one eye (Ballantyne 1983b, 1988). Irritation, lacrimation, and conjunctival hyperemia were present immediately after the treatment. Keratitis developed in some rabbits after a cyanide application of 0.9 mg CNTkg as hydrogen cyanide, 2.1 mg CNTkg as sodium cyanide, and 2.5 mg CN /kg as potassium cyanide. 

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