Hygroscopic bulk product

A feeder that can cope with aU reasonable changes of duty is a more valuable asset than one marginally able to accommodate the narrow specification of duty originaUy laid down for the equipment There are many circumstances that screw feeders cannot be expected to handle, as described in the section on hazards. The effect of hard compaction of fine damp product in the working clearances is most easily overlooked, especially when caused by preferential condensation if the ambient temperature falls below dew point when handling a hygroscopic bulk product. 

Shipment and Storage. 2-Pyrrohdinone is available in steel dmms and in aluminum or stainless-steel tank cars and tank trailers. Because of its high freezing point, bulk shipments are in tanks with heating coils. Heating with hot water rather than steam avoids product discoloration. Steel (qv), stainless steel, and aluminum are satisfactory materials for storage containers. Because 2-pyrrohdinone is hygroscopic, it must be protected from atmospheric moisture. 

Lithium Hypochlorite. High purity, anhydrous lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0] LiOCl, is a white, lightweight, dusty, hygroscopic, and corrosive powder. The monohydrate is free-flowing, nondusty, and of reasonable density. The presence of diluents such as salt, sodium, and potassium sulfates reduces dustiness, increases bulk density, reduces reactivity, and improves storage stabiUty. The commercial product is marketed in this form. 

As some bulk sweeteners are hygroscopic, different packaging materials may be necessary for products containing these sweeteners. 

After preparation, all pure products should be stored in suitable clearly and permanently labelled containers. The bulk samples of stable solids and liquids may be stored in screw-capped and ground glass stoppered bottles respectively. Hygroscopic samples, or those liable to decomposition by contact with atmospheric moisture, should either be stored in a desiccator or in a bottle which is sealed by painting over the closure with molten paraffin wax. Where there is a possibility of photochemical decomposition of chemicals it is general good practice to keep them out of direct sunlight and to store them in brown bottles. 

Storage and Distribution. Solid AN in packages must be stored in a general warehouse that has been approved for AN duty. Bulk AN and CAN must be protected from moisture as both products are hygroscopic. Large bulk warehouses may be air-conditioned... 

If the bulk ingredient is suitable then the product can be tabletted directly. A directly compressible form of sucrose is available but is relatively expensive. Fructose and dextrose can also be directly compressed. Specially made, directly compressible forms of the sugar substitutes sorbitol, mannitol and maltitol are available a hygroscopic material like sorbitol would not be easy to wet granulate. 

The beads were transferred to a Buchner funnel, drained free of bulk water by aspiration, and dried in a pyrex dish in a convection oven at 106°C for 8 hr. For measurement of the internal physical properties, the sulfonated polymer must be completely free of water. The atmospherically dried product was washed three times with one bed-volume of methanol for each washing. The methanol-wet beads were dried in a vacuum oven at 50-70°C at full vacuum (760 mm Hg) for 4 hr. The completely dried beads were hygroscopic and had to be handled without exposure to moisture. 

Properties Colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid slight ammoniacal odor. Mp 21.2C, bp 335C (decomposes), vap press below 0.01 mm Hg (20C), d 1.126, flash p 375F (190.5C) (OC), bulk d 9.4 lb/gal. Miscible with water, alcohol soluble in chloroform slightly soluble in benzene and ether slightly less alkaline than ammonia, commercial product contains up to 25% diethanolamine and up to 5% mo-noethanolamine. Combustible. 

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