Hydroxypalmitic acids

Hydroxypalmitic acid. Juniperic acid. Juniperinic acid... 

Cutin is composed chiefly of a C16 and/or a Cis family of monomers (Fig. 4.2). The usual components of the former are palmitic acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and 10,16-dihy-droxypalmitic and/or its positional isomers in which the midchain hydroxyl group is at C9, Cs, or C7. Monomers that could be derived from the above acids by further oxidation or reduction also have been found in cutin from some plants. The C18 family consists of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 18-hydroxyoleic acid, 18-hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic acid, and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearic acid together with their A-12 unsaturated analogs. Members of the Cie family are the dominant components of the cutin of fast-growing plants, whereas the cutin of slower-growing plants with a thicker cuticle consists of a mixture of C16 and C18 monomers (Harwood, 1980). 

Juniperic ecid 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, HOCHj-(CH2)i4-COOH, a fatty acid, M, 272.42, m.p. 95°C.J.a. is a typical wax acid in the waxes of many gymnosperms, e.g. juniper (Juniperus communis). 

Hydroxyoleic acid 16-Hydroxypalmitic acid Tetradecane dicarboxylic acid... 

Soliday C L, Kolattukudy P E 1978 Midchain hydroxylation of 16-hydroxypalmitic acid by the endoplasmic reticulum fraction from germinating Vida faba. Arch Biochem Biophys 188 338-347... 

Walton T J, Kolattukudy P E 1972 Enzymatic conversion of 16-hydroxypalmitic acid into 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid in Vida faba epidermal extracts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46 16-21... 

Viciafaba leaf cuticle is an amorphous type cuticle [10]. Waxes have been described by Kolattukudy [11]. Cutin studied by Kolattukudy and Walton [12]. is mostly composed of 85% 9,16 or 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid, 7% 16-hydroxypalmitic acid and contains minor percentages of palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid (8 %). 

Peroxytnfluoroacetic acid is used tor numerous oxidations of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds It oxidizes alkanes, alkanols, and carboxylic acids with formation of hydroxylation products [29] Oxidation of cyclohexane with peroxytnfluoroacetic acid proceeds at room temperature and leads to cyclohexyl trifluoroacetate in 75% yield, 1-octanol under similar conditions gives a mixture of isomeric octanediols in 59% yield, and palmitic acid gives a mixture of hydroxypalmitic acids in 70% yield [29]... 

Strain seleetion and bioproeess development of a proeess to meet the big and sustained market for natnral T" -deealaetone has been ereated. By extension of this approach other flavour lactones are also being manufactnred, inclnding J-decalactone and others from appropriate precursors such as either 11-hydroxypalmitic acid for the J-decalactone, or by a two step process from linoleic acid via its 13-hydiopeioxide derivative. 

Cutin is largely a polyester with a high content of co-hydroxypalmitic acid and related fatty acids, which are also hydroxylated at a second position ... 

The great variety of fatty acids in butter fat cannot be treated in detail here reference will be made to only a few of the many available reports. Octadecadienoic acids are present in significant amounts there are traces of hexadecadienoic acid, octadecatrienoic acids, and highly unsaturated C20 and C22 acids. Traces of dUiy-droxystearic acid and hydroxypalmitic acid have been detected (8, 9). A small proportion of the octadecenoic acid consists, not of oleic acid, but of trans-l 1,12 isomer, vaccenic acid (8, 9). One report states that about 66% of one octadecienoic... 

Structure of sphingolipids in foods, especially foods of plant origin, is sparse. Recently, a developed LC/MS method with APCI positive ion mode has been nsed to separate, identify, and qnantify cer-amide and ceiebroside species simnltaneonsly in nnt samples inclnding almond, cashew, hazelnut, peanut, and walnnt. The ceiebroside consisting of 4,8-sphingadienine, a-hydroxypalmitic acid, and glucose as the head group was found to be the most abundant cerebroside in nuts. 

Hydroxyfatty adds. Fatty acids containing an OH function. In plants H. a, occur mainly as esters, e. g., in triglycerides (ricinus oil) and waxes (e.g., camauba and beeswax). In plants and animals 2-H. are components of cerebrosides. On the other hand, esters and glycosides of 3-H. [e.g. (R)-3-hydroxypalmitic acid from Rhodotorula yeasts, C gH3203, Mr 272.43, mp. 78 - 79 °C, [a]o -12.9°] are typical components of bac-... 

Several yeasts or yeast-like fungi secrete lipids. These extracellular lipids include hydroxy-, acetoxy-or long-chain fatty acids. For example, Saccharomyces melanga produces 3-D-hydroxypalmitic acid. Extracellular glycolipids called sophorosides are also produced by some yeast-like fungi, e.g. Torulopsis magnaliae. 

Hydroxypalisadin B, in P-10003 5)5-Hydroxypalisadin B, in P-10003 11-Hydroxypalmitic acid, see H-10160 10-Hydroxy-cw-paspalic acid amide, in P-10013... 

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