Hydroxyapatite cement

Efhell M T, Bennett R A, Brown M P et al 2000 In vitro elution of gentamicin, amikacin and ceftiofur from polymethylmethacrylate and hydroxyapatite cement. Veterinary Surgery 29 375-382... 

Kveton JF, Friedman CD, Costantino PD. Indications for hydroxyapatite cement reconstruction in lateral skull base surgery. Am J Otol. 1995 Jul 16(4) 465-9. 

Kveton JF, Friedman CD, Piepmeier JM, Costantino PD. Reconstruction of suboccipital craniectomy defects with hydroxyapatite cement a preliminary report. Laryngoscope. 1995 Feb 105(2) 156-9. 

Chairiere E, Terrazzoni S, Pittet C, Mordasini PH, Dutoit M, Lemaitre J, et al. Mechanical characterization of hrushite and hydroxyapatite cements. Biomaterials. 

Poly(NIPAAm) PEO-PPO block co-polymers Brushite and hydroxyapatite cements Composite CPCs incorporating a porogen... 

Shindo ML, Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Chow LC. Facial skeletal augmentation using hydroxyapatite cement. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993 119(2) 185-190. 

Brown GD, Mealey BL, Nummikoski PV, Bifano SL, Waldrop TC. Hydroxyapatite cement implant for regeneration of periodontal osseous defects in humans. J Periodontol 1998 69(2) 146-157. 

Dickson, K. E, Friedman, J., Buchholz, J. G., and Flandry, F. D. 2002. The use of bonesomce hydroxyapatite cement for traumatic metaphyseal bone void filling. The Journal of Trauma Jnjury, Jnfection, and Critical Care 53 1103-08. 

Friedman, C. D., Costantino, P. D., Takagi, S., and Chow, L. C. 1998. BoneSourceTM hydroxyapatite cement A novel hiomaterial for craniofacial skeletal tissue engineering and reconstruction. Journal Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials 43 428-32. 

Kneton, J. R, Friedman, C. D., and Costantino, P. D. 1995. Indications for hydroxyapatite cement recon-straction in lateral skuU base surgery. American Journal of Otolaryngology 16 465-69. 

Lew, D., Farrell, B., Bardach, J., and KeUer, J. 1997. Repair of craniofacial defects with hydroxyapatite cement. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 55 1441-49. 

Walsh W R et al. (2004) Cemented fixation with PMMA or Bis-GMA resin hydroxyapatite cement effect of implant surface roughness. Biomaterials 25 4929-4934... 

Constantino PD, Hiltzik DH, Sen C, Friedman CD et al. (2001) Sphoethmoid cerebrospinal fluid leak repair with hydroxyapatite cement. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127 588-593 Ros DA, Marentette LJ, Thompson G, Haller JS. (1999) Use of hdroyapatite bone cement to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage through frontal sinus. Nerosurgery 45 401... 

Vitahium FHS ahoy is a cobalt—chromium—molybdenum ahoy having a high modulus of elasticity. This ahoy is also a preferred material. When combiaed with a properly designed stem, the properties of this ahoy provide protection for the cement mantle by decreasing proximal cement stress. This ahoy also exhibits high yields and tensile strength, is corrosion resistant, and biocompatible. Composites used ia orthopedics include carbon—carbon, carbon—epoxy, hydroxyapatite, ceramics, etc. 

When freshly mixed, the carboxyHc acid groups convert to carboxjiates, which seems to signify chemical adhesion mainly via the calcium of the hydroxyapatite phase of tooth stmcture (32,34—39). The adhesion to dentin is reduced because there is less mineral available in this substrate, but bonding can be enhanced by the use of minerali2ing solutions (35—38). Polycarboxylate cement also adheres to stainless steel and clean alloys based on multivalent metals, but not to dental porcelain, resin-based materials, or gold alloys (28,40). It has been shown that basic calcium phosphate powders, eg, tetracalcium phosphate [1306-01-0], Ca4(P0 20, can be substituted for 2inc oxide to form strong, hydrolytically stable cements from aqueous solution of polyacids (41,42). 

The precise nature of the adhesion of the polyelectrolyte cements to untreated dental enamel and dentine has yet to be established. The earliest theory was due to Smith (1968) who speculated that the polyacrylate chains of the cement formed a chelate with calcium ions contained in the hydroxyapatite-like mineral in enamel and dentine. Beech (1973) considered this unhkely since it involved the formation of an eight-membered ring. Beech studied the interaction between PAA and hydroxyapatite, identified the formation of polyacrylate and so considered that adsorption was due to ionic attraction. 

Wilson, Prosser Powis (1983) studied the adsorption of polyacrylate on hydroxyapatite using infrared and chemical methods. They observed an exchange of ions and concluded that polyacrylate displaced surface phosphate and calcium, and entered the hydroxyapatite structure itself (Figure 5.2). They postulated that an intermediate layer of calcium and aluminium phosphates and polyacrylates must be formed at the cement-... 

In order to elucidate the mechanism of adhesion of ionomer-carboxylate cements, Wilson and his coworkers have carried out several studies on the adsorption of carboxylates - aliphatic, aromatic and polymeric-on hydroxyapatite (Skinner et al., 1986 Scott, Jackson Wilson, 1990 Ellis et al., 1990). 

Brook, I. M., Craig, G. T. Lamb, D. J. (1991a). In vitro interaction between primary bone organ cultures, glass-ionomer cements and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate ceramics. Biomaterials, 12, 179-86. 

Ellis, J., Jackson, A. M., Scott, R. P. Wilson, A. D. (1990). Adhesion of carboxylate cements to hydroxyapatite. III. Adsorption of poly(alkenoic acid)s. Biomaterials, 11, 379-84. 

Wilson, A. D., Prosser, H. J. Powis, D. M. (1983). Mechanism of adhesion of polyelectrolyte cement to hydroxyapatite. Journal of Dental Research, 62, 590-2. 

Aluminium ions released from the dental silicate cement are also absorbed by hydroxyapatite and have a similar beneficial effect to that of fluoride (Halse Hals, 1976 Putt Kleber, 1985). Thus, the dental silicate cement confers protection against caries (dental decay) on surrounding tooth material. 

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