Hydroxide thermodynamic properties

Steam), and oi er input from CORCON. It contains a library of thermodynamic properties je energies from bich vapor pressures are calculated) for chemical species (mostly elements, oxides, and hydroxide that might be formed by fission products and other melt constituents. 

The acid-base classificationd l turns essentially on the thermodynamic properties of hydroxides in aqueous solution, since oxides themselves are not soluble as such (p. 630). Oxides may be ... 

Shock EL, Sassani DC, Willis M, Sverjensky DA (1997) Inorganic species in geologic fluids Correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous cations and hydroxide complexes. Geochim... 

Diakonov, G.G. (1998) Thermodynamic properties ofiron oxides and hydroxides. II. Estimation of the surface and bulk thermodynamic properties of ordered and disordered arrangements (y-Fe203). Eur. J. Min. 10 17-29... 

Diakonov, I. Khodakovsky I. Schott, J. Sergeeva, E. (1994) Thermodynamic properties of iron oxides and hydroxides. I. Surface and bulk thermodynamic properties of goethite (a-FeOOH) up to 500 K. Fur. J. Min. 6 967-983... 

Pokrovski, G., Gout, R., Schott, J. et al. (1996) Thermodynamic properties and stoichiometry of As(III) hydroxide complexes at hydrothermal conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(5), 737-49. 

The precipitation and colloid formation of different metal oxide hydroxides is known in soils when the concentration of the ions reaches the value of stability products. In this case, the precipitation can be explained by the thermodynamic properties of the bulk solution. In the lead ion/calcium-montmorillonite system, however, the production of lead enrichments cannot be explained by the... 

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MATERIALS a. Oxides, Hydroxides, Phosphates... 

The conversion of goethite or iron hydroxides into hematite has been investigated experimentally in a great number of works, and the results obtained are rather diverse. Even at room temperature hematite often forms along with goethite, especially in acid and neutral environments. Apparently both these phases are characterized by similar thermodynamic properties and the AGj value of the reaction of dehydration of a-FeOOH at moderate temperatures is not large. 

Ball J. W. and Nordstrom D. K. (1998) Critical evaluation and selection of standard state thermodynamic properties for chromium metal and its aqueous ions, hydrolysis species, oxides, and hydroxides. J. Chem. Eng. Data 43, 895-918. 

F. T. Greene, G. E. Leroi, S. P. Randall et al., "Spectra and Thermodynamic Properties of Light-Element Oxides and Hydroxides", Proceedings of the Conference on Propellant Thermodynamics and Handling, Columbus, Ohio, July 1959. 

We have estimated the thermodynamic properties of a wide variety of gaseous metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides by developing a correlation between the bond strengths of metal hydroxides and metal halides [3]. In particular, the bond strengths of metal hydroxides were found to be comparable based on correlations of known measurements to that of the bond strengths of the... 

D. L. Hildenbrand, K. H. Lau and J. G. McCarty, Thermodynamic Properties and Vaporization of Metal Oxides and Hydroxides at Elevated Temperatures, Gas Research Institute Report GRI-92/0521 (1992, available through GRI and NTIS). 

A result of such thermodynamic properties is that generally nitrides are refractory in the sense of being difficult to sinter and to crystallize, yet at the same time they have high dissociation pressures. Nitride chemistry is also made more difficult by the fact that many nitrides readily react with water (or moist air) ultimately to form hydroxides and ammonia. It is almost certainly true that many of the nitrides reported in the older literature contain significant amounts of O and/or H. 

In this paper, the procedures are summarized by which the solubilities of gibbsite, boehmite, and diapore in alkaline solution are evaluated and used to compute thermodynamic properties of boehmite and the aluminate ion. Published data are then used in conjunction with the derived properties of the aluminate ion given in this paper to calculate preliminary thermodynamic properties for bayerite, and the Gibbs free energy of formation of nordstrandite at 25°C. Aluminum hydroxide and oxyhydroxide, and corundum... 

Ftiran. Furfuran oxole tetrole divinylene oxide. C4H,0 mol wt 68.07. C 70.57%, H 5.92%, O 23.50%. Occurs in oils obtained by the distillation of rosin contg pine wood. Prepd by decarboxylation of 2-furancarboxylic acid Wilson, Org. Syn. coll. vol. I (2nd ed., 1941), p 274. Has been prepd directly from furfural Over hot soda-lime Or by dropping furfural on a fused mixt of sodium and potassium hydroxides Hurd et ai.. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 2532 (1932). Toxicity data Henderson, J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 57, 394 (1936). Thermodynamic properties G. B. Guthrie, Jr. ei ai, J. Am Chem, Soc. 74, 4662 (1952). 

Lustrous white, hard, ferromagnetic metal face-centered Cubic crystals, mp 1555". bp (calc) 2837" (3110 K) D. R. Stull. G. C. Sinke, Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, Advances in Chemistry Series 18 (A.C.S.. Washington, 1956). d 8-90. Heat capacity (25 ) 6.23 cal/g -atom/°C. Mohs hardness 3-8. Latent heat of fusion 73 cal/g. Electrical resistivity (20 ) 6.844 uohms-cm. E taq) Ni/Ni2 0.250 V. Stable in air at ordinary temp burns in oxygen, forming NiO not affected by water decomposes steam at a red heat. Slowly attacked by dil hydrochloric or sulfuric acid readily attacked by nitric acid. Not attacked by fused alkali hydroxides. 

VAS/LYT] Vasil ev, V. P., Lytkin, A. I., Chernyavskaya, N. V., Thermodynamic properties of zirconium and hafnium hydroxides in aqueous solution, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 43, (1998), 394-397. Cited on pages 116, 343. 

Recently the thermodynamic property values of Ni(II) hydroxide have been reviewed by Archer [99ARC] and critically evaluated by Plyasunova et al. [98PLY/ZHA]. The data of Ni(OH)2(cr) reported are rather uncertain and, as this solid phase is of considerable importance for the deposition and remobilisation of nickel, they have been re-evaluated on the basis of recent solubility measurements [2002GAM/WAL]. 

Most of the recent experimental work on the detailed thermodynamic properties of thorium compounds has been on solubilities and aqueous solutions. The large number of hydroxide complexes of Th(IV) and the propensity to form colloidal solutions, makes the interpretation of these studies a challenging task. As noted in previous reviews, the development of laser-based spectroscopic techniques has been a useful tool in our increased understanding of these phenomena, and it is gratifying that... 

It is assumed here that the formula Al(OH)3 corresponds to gibbsite (also called hydrargillite), and that no other oxides or hydroxides form. The reversible potential is determined by the thermodynamic properties of the reaction products and thus by... 

This section discusses and tabulates best values for important experimentally derived thermodynamic properties of free atoms and ions, aquo-ions, halides, dioxides, sesquioxides and tripositive hydroxides in an effort to characterize the properties of... 

Rard s (1985) assessment of europium thermodynamics included AG = 150.7 5.7 kJ mol(K = 3.9 x 10 ) for the similar solubility equilibrium of Eu(OH)j. From this AG and other thermodynamic properties he calculated AfG [Eu(OH)3(s)] = - 1198.9 7.8k Jmol- and Af/f [EU(OH)3(s)] = - 1336.5 8.3kJmol . Clearly, the calorimetric and equilibrium measurements for these hydroxides need to be reconciled. For actinide hydroxides approach-to-equilibrium measurements have been made the scatter among measurements and estimates indicates that equilibrium may not have been reached (Morss 1992a). One calorimetric measurement of an actinide hydroxide enthalpy of formation has been made (table 4, Morss and Williams 1994) from which K p[Am(OH)3] = 7 x 10 has been calculated. This C p is significantly smaller than that of structurally similar Nd(OH)j. 

The acid-base classification relies on the thermodynamic properties of the hydroxides in solution [2], and the periodic chemical properties of oxides have been extensively reviewed in dedicated textbooks [5]. Oxides are known for all the elements of the periodic table, except the lighter noble gases. As far as metallic oxides are concerned, they can be precisely stoichiometric (e g. CaO) or rather show stoichiomety variability over a narrow or wide range of composition, depending on the availability of different stable oxidation states for the metal (e.g. MnxOy). 

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