Hydropower sustainable

Can hydrogen be produced sustainably Over the next few decades, and probably well into the twenty-first centui y, fossil sources such as natural gas or coal may offer the lowest costs in many locations, with small contributions from electrolysis powered by low-cost hydropower. 

Green Power Products as an Incentive for Sustainable Hydropower Operation 230... 

The situation may be illustrated well by the development of the public discourse on hydropower in Switzerland over the past few years. As 60% of Swiss electricity generation stems from hydropower, its environmental impacts have time and again raised political debates over the past 50 years. More recently, the liberalization of electricity markets has opened up new windows of opportunity for the development of new approaches of mitigation. One example of an integrative concept was developed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers in the late 1990s. It has been implemented in the currently operating eco-label for sustainably produced electricity in Switzerland (naturemade star). 

After the law passed, the political debate about the sustainable management of hydropower came to a standstill. The law could only be applied in the context of a renewal of the water use licenses. In Switzerland these licenses typically run over 80 years and therefore no major changes in operation could be expected before the year 2020. Furthermore, the deregulation of electricity markets begun to shape expectations in Switzerland. This new market order put pressure on hydropower operators to reduce cost and to act as competitive firms. Environmental requirements were considered as a direct threat to economic survival of the plants. 

Given this political history of hydropower in Switzerland, a standard for sustainable hydropower operation was likely to provoke major political reactions. However, expectations associated with market liberalization also partly motivated actors to reconsider their original interest positions. However, solutions could not be found because the interlocked nature of the decision problem represented a classical social dilemma [11]. A social dilemma is present if decisions of two actors depend on each other and if both actors are forced to select a sub-optimal strategy of conduct to minimize their potential losses. An optimal solution would only be realized if each party could tmst the other. 

Truffer B, Bratrich C, Markard J, Peter A, Wuest A, Wehrli B (2003) Green hydropower The contribution of aquatic science research to the promotion of sustainable electricity. Aquat Sci 65 99... 

Keywords alternative energy, renewable energy, sustainable development, energy security, hydropower... 

The consumption of fossil fuels is not sustainable. With business as usual, the proven and economically recoverable fossil reserves will be exhausted in little more than 100 years. Substitution of fossil fuels is therefore required anyway on the long term. If CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion is responsible for adverse climate changes like global wanning, substitution is desirable on the short term. The share of the renewable energy sources like wind, hydropower and biomass may be increased in a relatively short time. Each of these traditionally well known sources can contribute a... 

Geraldo Lucio Tiago Filho (sustainable hydropower, renewable energy in general). National Reference Center for Small Hydropower, University of Itajuba, Itajuba, MG... 

Arun Kumar (sustainable hydropower). Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand... 

Alessandro Palmieri (sustainable hydropower), The World Bank (Jakarta office), Jakarta IRELAND... 

Anund Killingtveit (sustainable hydropower), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim... 

Ma Jiming (sustainable hydropower), Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing... 

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