Hydrogenation magnesium dimers

Magnesium/hydrogen chloride Dimeric tert. alcohols from ketones... 

The properties of 1,1-dichloroethane are Hsted ia Table 1. 1,1-Dichloroethane decomposes at 356—453°C by a homogeneous first-order dehydrochlofination, giving vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride (1,2). Dehydrochlofination can also occur on activated alumina (3,4), magnesium sulfate, or potassium carbonate (5). Dehydrochlofination ia the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (6) proceeds readily. The 48-h accelerated oxidation test with 1,1-dichloroethane at reflux temperatures gives a 0.025% yield of hydrogen chloride as compared to 0.4% HCl for trichloroethylene and 0.6% HCl for tetrachloroethylene. Reaction with an amine gives low yields of chloride ion and the dimer 2,3-dichlorobutane, CH CHCICHCICH. 2-Methyl-l,3-dioxaindan [14046-39-0] can be prepared by a reaction of catechol [120-80-9] with 1,1-dichloroethane (7). 

Hexestrol Hexestrol, 4,4 -(l,2-diethylethylene)diphenol (28.1.29), is a derivative of a,j3-diphenylethane, and it is a synthetic estrogen. Hexestrol is made in a Wurtz dimerization reaction of l-bromo-l-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane (28.1.27) in the presence of sodium, magnesium, aluminum, or iron. The initial l-bromo-l-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane (28.1.27) is made in turn by addition reaction of hydrogen bromide to 4-methoxy-l-propenylbenzene. Subsequent removal of the methoxy protective groups from the resulting dimerization product (28.1.28) using hydroiodic acid gives hexestrol (28.1.29) [37-43]. 

The hydrogen overvoltage of cadmium is rather large and cadmium may be used, plated on steel, as an alternative to lead. Cadmium has been used as cathode material in the hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile (Chapter 31). Magnesium may be used in reductive dimerization of aliphatic esters [459]. 

Dimer acid, hydrogenated Disodium iron EDTA Hydrogenated shark liver oil Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate Magnesium myristate Magnesium tallowate Nonoxynol-1 Nonoxynol-3 Palmamide DEA Palmitamide DEA... 

Dimer acid, hydrogenated Dimethicone Glyceryl stearate Hexylene glycol Hydrogenated tallow acid Isobutyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Kerosene Laurie acid Linseed acid Magnesium myristate Magnesium palmitate Magnesium stearate Menhaden oil Methyl alcohol... 

Contact with many organic compounds can lead to immediate fires or violent explosions (consult Bretherick for references and examples). Hydrogen peroxide reacts with certain organic functional groups (ethers, acetals, etc.) to form peroxides, which may explode upon concentration. Reaction with acetone generates explosive cyclic dimeric and trimeric peroxides. Explosions may also occur on exposure of hydrogen peroxide to metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, and nickel. 

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