Hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates

In recent years disaccharide alcohols have become important. These include isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, and hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates (HSH). Maltitol is hydrogenated maltose with the structure shown in Figure 4-20. It has the highest sweetness of the disaccharidepolyols compared to sugar... 

Rgure 3 Relative sweetness for bulk sweeteners and their caloric values. HSH, hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates. 

Maltitol Syrup occurs as a clear, colorless, syrupy liquid. It is a water solution of a hydrogenated, partially hydrolyzed starch containing maltitol, sorbitol, and hydrogenated oligo-and polysaccharides. It is miscible with water and with glycerin, and slightly miscible with alcohol. 

The PhEur 2005 describes liquid maltitol as an aqueous solution of a hydrogenated, partly hydrolyzed starch, with not less than 68% w/w of solid matter and not more than 85% w/w. This is composed of a mixture of mainly D-maltitol (50% w/w), D-sorbitol (< 8% w/w), and hydrogenated oligo-and polysaccharides, all quoted on an anhydrous basis. 

The USPNF 23 describes maltitol solution as an aqueous solution of a hydrogenated, partially hydrolyzed starch. It contains, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 50% w/w of D-maltitol (C12H24O11) and not more than 8.0% w/w of D-sorbitol (CgHi406). See also Section 18. 

Comments sorbitol solution is an aqueous solution of hydrogenated, partly hydrolyzed starch. Eor physical properties, see Table IV. 

Hydrogenated honey Hydrogenated lanolin Hydrolyzed collagen Hydrolyzed corn starch Hydrolyzed elastin... 

Lanolin wax Lauryl PCA Methyl gluceth-10 Methyl gluceth-20 Methyl propanediol. Myristyl myristate PEG-2 lactamide PEG-50 shea butter PPG-10 methyl glucose ether Scleroglucan humectant, pet food Hydrogenated starch hydrolysate humectant, pharmaceutical delivery/absorp. enhancement Polyglyceryl-6 dioleate humectant, pharmaceutical topicals Acetamide MEA Dimethicone copolyol phosphate Dimethicone propylethylenediamine behenate Glycereth-5 lactate Hydrolyzed wheat protein/dimethicone copolyol phosphate copolymer... 

Hydrogenated rice bran wax Hydrogenated vegetable glyceride Hydrolyzed albumen Hydrolyzed corn starch Hydrolyzed wheat starch... 

Functional Blends. The term functional blend refers to various ingredient blends formulated to achieve a certain objective such as fat reduction. An example of this blend consists of water, partially hydrogenated canola oil, hydrolyzed beef plasma, tapioca flour, sodium alginate, and salt. This blend is designed to replace animal fat and is typically used at less than 25% of the finished product. Another functional blend is composed of modified food starch, rice flour, salt, emulsifier, and flavor. A recommended formula is 90% meat (with 10% fat), 7% added water, and 3% seasoning blend... 

There are several examples of one-pot reactions with bifunctional catalysts. Thus, using a bifunctional Ru/HY catalyst, water solutions of corn starch (25 wt.%) have been hydrolyzed on acidic sites of the Y-type zeolite, and glucose formed transiently was hydrogenated on ruthenium to a mixture of sorbitol (96%), mannitol (1%), and xylitol (2%) [68]. Similarly a one-pot process for the hydrolysis and hydrogenation of inulin to sorbitol and mannitol has been achieved with Ru/C catalysts where the carbon support was preoxidized to generate acidic sites [69]. Ribeiro and Schuchardt [70] have succeeded in converting fructose into furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid with 99% selectivity at 72% conversion in a one-pot reaction... 

Retrogradation is the reassociation of solubilized starch polymers in their native state or those in dextrins or in low-DE hydrolyzates resulting in an insoluble precipitate. Dextrins are depolymerized starches produced by heating a starch moistened with dilute hydrochloric acid or heating a moist starch in the presence of gaseous hydrogen chloride until a cold-water-soluble product is formed. 

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