Hydrogen steam gasification

Hofbauer, H. Rauch, R. Foscolo, P. Matera, D., Hydrogen rich gas from biomass steam gasification. 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Industry, Sevilla, 2001, pp. 1997-2001. 

Chaudhari, S.T., Ferdous, D., Dalai, A.K, Bej, S.K, Thring, R.W., and Bakhshi, N.N. (2000). Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification of Westvaco Kraft Lignin for the Production of Hydrogen and Medium Btu Gas, Abstracts Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Tyrol, Austria, 17-22 September. 

Garcia, L., Sanchez, J.L., Salvador, M.L., Bilbao, R., and Arauzo J. (1996). Hydrogen-rich Gas from Steam Gasification of Biomass Using Coprecipitated Nickel-alumina Catalysts, Bioenergy 96. The Seventh National Bioenergy Conference, pp. 859-865. 

Hydrogen can be produced from biorenewable feedstocks via thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, steam gasification, steam reforming of bio-oils, and supercritical water gasification (SWG) of biomass. 

Production of hydrogen by catalytic steam gasification of biomass... 

Cox et al. (1995) portray a new approach to thermochemical gasification of biomass to hydrogen. The process is based on catalytic steam gasification of biomass with concurrent separation of hydrogen in a membrane reactor that employs a permselective membrane to separate the hydrogen as it is produced. The process is particularly well-suited for wet biomass and may be conducted at temperatures as low as 575 K. 

The percentage of hydrogen in gaseous products from the samples of hazelnut shell, tea waste and spruce wood increased from 43.3 to 56.9%, 41.0 to 53.9% and 40.0 to 51.5% by volume, respectively, while the final air-steam gasification temperature was increased from 900 to 1250 K (Figs. 6.14 to 6.16). 

Comparison of pyrolysis and air-steam gasification shows that the yield of hydrogen from biomass is generally higher by air-steam gasification than that by pyrolysis, because with interaction of water and char from decomposition of biomass intermediate products are formed, which leads to more hydrogen-rich gas yield by the steam reforming. 

Fig. 6.14 Hydrogen yield of hazelnut shell by air-steam gasification at different temperatures...

Two moss samples (Polytrichum commune, Thuidium tamariscinum), one alga sample (Cladophora fracta), and one microalga sample (Chlorella protothecoides) were subjected to pyrolysis and steam gasification for producing hydrogen-rich gas (Demirbas, unpublished work). 

Fig. 6.24 Plots for yields of hydrogen in gaseous products from the samples by steam gasification. Polytrichum commune (PC), Thuidium tamarascinum (XX), Cladophora fracta (CF), and Chlorella protothecoides (CP)...

Demirbas, M.F. 2006a. Hydrogen from various biomass species via pyrolysis and steam gasification processes. Energy Sources Part A 28 245-252. 

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