Palladium composite membranes hydrogen separation

Because Pd-based metal membranes, commonly used for hydrogen separation [11] are not resistant towards sulphur, not much research has been performed on the use of such membranes in H2S dehydrogenation reactors. Some success has, however, been reported by Edlund and Pledger [12], They developed a platinum-based layered metal membrane that could resist irreversible attack by H2S at 700°C. At this temperature a conversion of 99.4% was achieved in the membrane reactor. Without hydrogen removal the conversion was only 13%. No permeance data is provided, but platinum-based metal membranes are known for their low hydrogen permeance [14], Johnson-Matthey developed palladium composite membranes with a hydrogen permeance of about 1 10 mol/m sPa [14], but these are most probably not resis-... 

A. Li, W. Liang and R. Hughes, Fabrication of Dense Palladium Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation, Calal. Today, 56, 45-51 (2000). 

PagUeri SN, BirdseU SA, Snow RC, Springer RW, Smith FM. Development of palladium composite membranes for hydrogen separation. AlChE - Advances in Gas Separation Membranes and Applications II. Los Alamos Los Alamos National Laboratory 2003. 

An essential element of the Hysep technology is the use of thin film palladium composite membranes to enable low cost and reliable hydrogen separation. The supported palladium layer in the Hysep module has a thickness as low as 3-9 pm, a substantial improvement over current commercial available palladium membranes, which are based on self supporting metal foils with a thickness of 20-100 pm. 

ZHANG K, Gao H, Rui Z, Lin Y, Li Y (2007) Preparation of thin palladium composite membranes and application to hydrogen/nitrogen separation. Chin J Chem Eng 15(5) 643-647... 

Li, A, Liang, W, Hughes, R. Fabrication of dense palladium composite membranes for hydrogen separation. Catal. Today 2000 56 45-51. 

Roa F, Way D, Paglieri SN. Process for preparing palladium alloy composition membranes for use in hydrogen separation, palladium alloy composite membranes and products incorporation or made from the membranes. United States Patent 8119205 2012. 

The cost of Pd-alloy membranes used for hydrogen separation may be reduced by depositing a thin Pd-alloy film on a suitable porous substrate to form a composite membrane. Almost all of the Pd-alloy membrane development efforts are, thus, focused on preparing thin yet defect-free Pd-alloy composite membranes (e.g., Hopkins, 2007 Coulter, 2007 Delft et al., 2005 Damle et al., 2005 Mardilovich et al., 2002). A detailed review of the Pd-alloy membrane research has been prepared by Paglieri and Way (2002) with an extensive bibliography of the palladium membrane research to date. An updated review has been recently prepared by Collot (2003) and Paglieri (2006). 

Siriwardane, R.V., J.A. Poston, E.P Fisher, T.H. Lee, S.E. Dorris, and U. Balachandran, Characterization of ceramic-metal composite hydrogen separation membranes consisting of barium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and palladium, Appl. Surf. Sci., 217, 43-49, 2003. 

Uemiya, S., Y. Kude, K. Sugino, N. Sato, T. Matsuda, and E. Kikuchi, A palladium/porous glass composite membrane for hydrogen separation, Chem. Lett., 10,1687-1690,1988. 

Ma, Y., Mardilovich, I.P. and Engwall, E.E. (2003) Thin composite palladium and palladium/alloy membranes for hydrogen separation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 984, 346—360. 

The first commercial metal membranes for hydrogen separation and purification were made of palladium alloyed with 23-25 wt % silver. These membrane were of the unsupported type and tubular in shape. Nevertheless, the wall thickness was substantial by current standards—typically at least 100- an thick. Advances in drawing thin-walled metal tubes has allowed for palladium-silver tubular membranes to be made with much thinner walls, about 20- an thick. Composite membranes are also usually at least 25-/an thick. REB Research and Consulting (Oak Park, MI) provides tubular composite metal membranes consisting of a palladium coating over a tantalum base metal, although other group 4 or 5 base metals may be used. 

M. Kormo, M. Shindo, S. Sugawara and S. Saito, A composite palladium and porous aluminium oxide membrane for hydrogen separation. /. Membr. Sci., 37 (1988) 193. 

McCool B, Xomeritakis G, Lin YS. Composition control and hydrogen permeation chara-teristics of sputter deposited palladium-silver membranes. J Memb Sci. 1999 161 67-76. Moss TS, Peachey NM, Snow RC, Dye RC. Multilayer metal membranes for hydrogen separation. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 1998 23(2) 99. 

Thoen PM, Roa F, Way JD. High flux palladium-copper composite membranes for hydrogen separations. Desalination. 2006 193 224-9. 

Palladium-Copper and Palladium-Gold Alloy Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separations... 

Ma YH, Engwall EE, Mardilovich IP. Composite palladium and palladium-alloy membranes for high temperature hydrogen separations. ACS Fuel Chem Div Prepr. 2003 48(1) 333. 

K. Kuraoka, H. Zhao, T. Yazawa, Pore-filled palladium-glass composite membranes for hydrogen separation by novel electroless plating technique, J. Mater. Sci. 2004, 39, 1879-1881. 

S. E. Nam, K.H. Lee, Preparation and characterization of palladium alloy composite membranes with a diffusion barrier for hydrogen separation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 100-105. 

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