Palladium composite membranes

When considering membrane reactors for dehydrogenation and reforming reactions, three types of membrane are of most interest dense palladium or palladium composite membranes,... 

Because Pd-based metal membranes, commonly used for hydrogen separation [11] are not resistant towards sulphur, not much research has been performed on the use of such membranes in H2S dehydrogenation reactors. Some success has, however, been reported by Edlund and Pledger [12], They developed a platinum-based layered metal membrane that could resist irreversible attack by H2S at 700°C. At this temperature a conversion of 99.4% was achieved in the membrane reactor. Without hydrogen removal the conversion was only 13%. No permeance data is provided, but platinum-based metal membranes are known for their low hydrogen permeance [14], Johnson-Matthey developed palladium composite membranes with a hydrogen permeance of about 1 10 mol/m sPa [14], but these are most probably not resis-... 

V.M. Gryaznov, O.S. Serebryannikova, M.Yu. Serov, M.M. Ermilova, A.N. Karavanov, A.P. Mishchenko and N.P. Orekhova, Preparation and catalysis over palladium composite membranes. Appl. Catal., 96 (1993) 15. 

A. Li, W. Liang and R. Hughes, Fabrication of Dense Palladium Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation, Calal. Today, 56, 45-51 (2000). 

Yeung KL, Christiansen SC, Varma A. Palladium composite membranes by electroless plating technique relationships between plating kinetics, film micro structure and membrane performance. J Memb Sci. 1999 159(1-2) 107. 

Zhao HB, Pflanz K, Gu JH, Li AW, Stroh N, Brunner H, et al. Preparation of palladium composite membranes by modified electroless plating procedure. J Memb Sci. 1998 142(2) 147. 

PagUeri SN, BirdseU SA, Snow RC, Springer RW, Smith FM. Development of palladium composite membranes for hydrogen separation. AlChE - Advances in Gas Separation Membranes and Applications II. Los Alamos Los Alamos National Laboratory 2003. 

R. Dittmeyer, Preparation and characterization of palladium composite membranes for hydrogen removal in hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reactors, Catal. Today 2001, 67, 33-42. 

H. Kawamura, R. Yoshiie, H. Moritomi, M. Nishimura, Fabrication of a palladium composite membrane using supercritical wet plating technique in Proceedings of the Sth International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, Jul. 18-22, 2004, Cincinnati, OH, Adams Press, Chicago. IL. 

N. Itoh, T. Akiha, T. Sato, Preparation of thin palladium composite membrane tube by a CVD technique and its hydrogen permselectivity, Catal. Today 2005, 104, 231-237. 

P. Emig, G. Hausinger, F. Schmidt, Factors controlling the performance of catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in palladium composite membrane reactors, Chem. Eng. Sd. 1999, 54(10), 1431-1439. 

Moparthi A, Uppaluri R, GUI BS. Economic feasibility of silica and palladium composite membranes for industrial dehydrogenation reactions. Chem Eng Res Des 2010 88 1088-1101. 

Itoh N, Akiha T, Sato T (2005) Preparation of thin palladium composite membrane tube by a CVD technique and its hydrogen permselectivity. Catal Today 104 231-237 Kleinert A, Grubert G, Pan X, Hamel C, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Caro J (2005) Compatibility of hydrogen transfer via Pd-membranes with the rates of heterogeneously catalysed steam reforming. Catal Today 104 267-273... 

Liang W, Hughes R (2005) The effect of diffusion direction on the permeation rate of hydrogen in palladium composite membranes. Chem Eng J 112 81-86... 

An essential element of the Hysep technology is the use of thin film palladium composite membranes to enable low cost and reliable hydrogen separation. The supported palladium layer in the Hysep module has a thickness as low as 3-9 pm, a substantial improvement over current commercial available palladium membranes, which are based on self supporting metal foils with a thickness of 20-100 pm. 

ZHANG K, Gao H, Rui Z, Lin Y, Li Y (2007) Preparation of thin palladium composite membranes and application to hydrogen/nitrogen separation. Chin J Chem Eng 15(5) 643-647... 

S. F. Hou, K. Jiang, W. Z. Li, H. Y. Xu and L. X. Yuan, W02005/ 065806, A metal palladium composite membrane or alloy palladium composite membrane and their preparation methods, 2005. 

Dittmar, B., Behrens, A., Schodel, N., Ruttinger, M., Franco, T., Straczewski, G., et al. (2013). Methane steam reforming operation and thermal stability of new porous metal supported tubular palladium composite membranes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 8759-8771. 

Li, A, Liang, W, Hughes, R. Fabrication of dense palladium composite membranes for hydrogen separation. Catal. Today 2000 56 45-51. 

Yeung A.K.L., Sebastian J.M., Varma A. Mesoporous alumina membranes synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and nonuniform distribution of catalyst. J. Membr. Sci. 1997 131 9-28 Zhao H.-B., Plantz H.-B., Gu J.-H., Li A.-W., Stroll N., Brunner H., Xiong G.-X. Preparation of palladium composite membranes by modified electroless plating procedure. J. Membr. Sci. 1998 142 147-157... 

Quicker, R, Hollein, V. and Dittmeyer, R. (2000) Catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons in palladium composite membrane reactors. Catalysis Today, 56, 21-34. 

Li H., Xu H. and Li W., Study of n value and o/(3 palladium hydride phase transition within the ultra-thin palladium composite membrane, J. Membrane ScL, 324 (2008) 44-49. 

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