Hydrogen chloride-water system

Hydrogen Chloride—Water System. Hydrogen chloride is highly soluble in water and this aqueous solution does not obey Henry s law at ah concentrations. Solubhity data are summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the pressure and vapor composition of unsaturated aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions is given in Reference 12. The vapor—Hquid equiHbria for the water—hydrogen chloride system at pressures up to 1632 kPa and at temperatures ranging from —10 to +70° C are documented in Reference 13. 

Hydrogen chloride solutions, 13 828 Hydrogen chloride-water system,... 

Inorganic compound extraction, ionic liquids in, 26 875-876 Inorganic compound-hydrogen chloride-water systems, 13 817-818 Inorganic compound lubricants, 15 246 Inorganic compounds, 13 104 hydrochloric acid reaction with,... 

In many cases the deviations are large enough to result in maxima or minima in the vapor-pressure and boihng-point curves, as shown in Fig. 2. Systems for which the boiling-point curves have a maximum include acetone-chloroform and hydrogen chloride-water systems with a minimum include methanol-chloroform, water-ethanol, and benzene-ethanol. At a maximum or a minimum, the compositions of the liquid and of the vapor are the same accordingly, there is a point of tangency of the curves L and Kand of the curves L and... 

Vapor-pressure data for the hydrogen chloride-water systems are presented in Table 6-19. As can be seen, the vapor pressure of hydrogen chloride over dilute aqueous solutions is extremely low although it increases appreciably with increased temperature. The heat of solution is considerable about 240 Btu/lb of 35% hydrochloric acid produced at room temperature. Therefore, heat removal is necessary if it is desired to effect very complete removal of hydrogen chloride from a concentrated gas stream or to produce a solution of maximum concentration. This may be accomplished by using cooled absorbers or by recycling the acid through a cooler and back to the absorption unit. 

The hydrogen chloride absorption system must be of such design that there is no possibility for water to suck back into the reaction flask after a sudden surge of escaping hydrogen chloride. 

Hydrogen chloride-water-inorganic compound systems, 13 817-818 Hydrogen composite curves, 20 746, 747 Hydrogen compounds. See Hydrides Hydrogen content, determination of, 13 789-790... 

Schemmel, F.A., "Ternary System Ferrous Chloride-Hydrogen Chloride-Water", JACS, 1952, 74, 4689... 

Ferric Chloride—Hydrogen Chloride—Water.—In the case of another system of three components which we shall now describe, the relationships are considerably more complicated than in those already discussed. They deserve discussion, however, on account of the fact that they exhibit a number of new phenomena. 

FIO. Shimmel, F.A., "The ternary systems ferrous chloride - hydrogen chloride - water, ferric chloride - ferrous chloride - water", JACS, v74, pp4689-4691 (1952)... 

E.M. Kartzmark, Densities, viscosities, and conductances of saturated solutions in the systems mercuric chloride-hydrogen chloride-water, mercuric chloride-potassium chloride-water, and mercuric chloride-indium chloride-water at 25°C,. Chem. Eng. Data, 27,1982,38-41. 

Hydrogen Chloride-Organic Compound Systems. The solubihty of hydrogen chloride in many solvents follows Henry s law. Notable exceptions are HCl in polyhydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol (see Glycols), which have characteristics similar to those of water. Solubility data of hydrogen chloride in various organic solvents are Hsted in Table 10. 

In work with the hydrogen chloride-air-water system, Dobratz, Moore, Barnard, and Mever [Chem. Eng. Prog., 49, 611 (1953)] using a cociirrent-flowsystem found that /cg (Eig. 14-77) instead of the 0.8 power as indicated by the Gilliland equation. Heat-transfer coefficients were also determined in this study. The radical increase in heat-transfer rate in the range of G = 30 kg/(s m ) [20,000 lb/(h fH)] was similar to that obsei ved by Tepe and Mueller [Chem. Eng. Prog., 43, 267 (1947)] in condensation inside tubes. 

The crude liquid chlorobenzenes stream leaving the second reactor is washed with water and caustic soda solution to remove all dissolved hydrogen chloride. The product recovery system consists of two distillation columns in series. In the first column (the benzene column ) unreacted benzene is recovered as top product and recycled. In the second column (the chlorobenzene column ) the mono- and dichlorobenzenes are separated. The recovered benzene from the first column is mixed with the raw benzene feed and this combined stream is fed to a distillation column (the drying column ) where water is removed as overhead. The benzene stream from the bottom of the drying column is fed to the reaction system. 

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