Hydrogels conducting materials

Guiseppi-Elie A, Brahim S I, Narinesingh D (2002) A chemically synthesized artificial pancreas release of insulin from glucose-responsive hydrogels. Adv. Materials 14(10) 743-746 Heller A (1996) Amperometric biosensors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 7(l) 50-54 Heller A (2006) Electron-conducting redox hydrogels design, characteristics and synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10(6) 664—672... 

Another class of hydrogel-conducting polymer composite material, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) in combination with the redox hydrogel poly(4-vinylpyr-idine) with coordinated osmium, was synthesized primarily for use as a matrix for bioimmobihzation... 

Recendy carbon nanotubes together with other types of conductive materials have been used to enhance the viability and function of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Single-walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated into gelatin hydrogel scaffolds to construct SD-engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs). Results showed that SWNTs could provide favorable in vitro cellular microenvironment for cardiac contraction and the expression of electrochemical associated proteins. 

Ding et al. 2014). However, beside such elaborated synthetic approaches, a very simple, versatile, and direct strategy can be used. To obtain a conducting material, hydrogels can be prepared from saline solutions instead of pure water. Depending on the intended use, the gel has to be prevented from leaking by encapsulation. 

A group of scientists from Peking University [44,45] proposed conducting CE-IA in a thermally reversible hydrogel added to the buffer as a replaceable packing material. Antibodies were immobilized in the gel and a mixture of tracer and analyte was injected. The presence of gel enhanced the peak shapes and resolution, whereas immobilized antibody suppressed dissociation during the CE run. The latter makes this assay a kind of a mixture between on-line and offline analysis modes. 

The zinc-hydrogen anode system uses 10-20 mm thick zinc sheet anodes attached to the concrete with ionically conductive hydrogel adhesive. Field trials have shown that this system is capable of supplying sufficient current for effective corrosion control. The thermal-sprayed alloy anode system utilizes a metallization (flame or arc spraying) process to form a metallized coating on the concrete surface. The two most promising anode materials were Al-Zn-In alloy and zinc (16). 

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