Hydrocracking Objectives

Product separation for main fractionators is also often called black oil separation. Main fractionators are typically used for such operations as preflash separation, atmospheric crude, gas oil crude, vacuum preflash crude, vacuum crude, visbreaking, coking, and fluid catalytic cracking. In all these services the object is to recover clean, boiling range components from a black multicomponent mixture. But main fractionators are also used in hydrocracker downstream processing. This operation has a clean feed. Nevertheless, whenever you hear the term black oil, understand that what is really meant is main fractionator processing. 

Hydrocracking and hydroisomerization are related bond breaking and rearrangement processes which rely on the use of dual function catalysts operating under high hydrogen pressure to achieve their objectives. In fact, they share the same fundamental mechanistic steps and differ mainly in the degree to which some... 

The program was broken down into several distinct tasks in order to accomplish these objectives. First, a literature survey was performed to gather articles pertinent to the hydrotreating and hydrocracking of SRC as well as information on analytical methods for the characterization of SRC and its derivatives. 

The objective of Task 1 is to compare the denitrogenation capability of three pairs of active metals (Co-Mo, Ni-Mo, and Ni-W) which are being used commercially for hydrotreating and hydrocracking of petroleum. 

Hydrocracking Distillates heavier than diesel are catalytically cracked at high pressure in the presence of hydrogen to produce either gasoline or diesel and lighter products. Generally, the objective is to produce diesel and lighter products such as two-carbon... 

In addition to the Lake Charles H-Oil unit, three other commercial units were designed for hydrocracking. The units, although designed for hydrocracking, can be used for desulfurization. That is now the primary objective for the Cities Service Lake Charles Unit. 

One of Sun s objectives for the new plant was that the base stocks be at least of the same quality as those from solvent refining, therefore this hurdle had to be overcome. Their solution was to give the total dewaxed hydrocrackate product a light furfural extraction (about 97% raffinate) to remove the tri+ aromatics which appeared to be at the root of the problem.1516 Thus their process involved two solvent extraction steps, one before the hydrocracker and one afterwards. This route gave stable base stocks, but with some residual color. An example of the improvement obtained can be seen in Table 7.10, where 100, 200, and 500 SUS base stocks ( 1, 2, and 3 in Table 7.10) of approximately 110 VI from hydrocracking a distillate/DAO blend were tested for stability before and after furfural extraction. The results show that the extraction improves color relative to unextracted samples for the immediate hydrocracker products and that their performance in the stability test was improved as well by extraction. 

The object of this work is to specify the effect of nR/nA on the activity, the stability of PtHZSMS catalysts in the conversion of acetone into methylisobutylketone. A significant difference between this reaction and the hydrocracking of alkanes is that acetone conversion requires the consumption of hydrogen. 

A fortunate combination of theoretical considerations and experimental circumstances directed attention to some unusual reaction paths. This led to detailed studies of reactions of typical hydrocarbon classes. New and highly specific nonequilibrium reactions were identified. Techniques and catalysts were discovered which permitted desirable reactions of the individual hydrocarbon classes to dominate the conversion of mixtures. These studies became the basis for the commercial hydrocracking process called Isocracking and the catalysts developed for this service. The technical objectives of a low pressure, low temperature process were achieved as demonstrated... 

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