Hydrochemical characteristics

Abstract Based on the data of long-term observations, principal hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the Sea of Azov such as the water temperature, salinity, and oxygen and nutrient contents are assessed. Features of the seasonal and interannual variations under the action of natural and anthropogenic factors are shown. The biodiversity of the sea and the influence of the invader species on the state of the sea ecosystem are analyzed in detail. 

The mixing zone usually includes an area of the most intense interaction and mixing of river and sea water, where horizontal and vertical gradients of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristic, and primarily water salinity, are maximum. This area is called frontal zone. 

Aheme J., KeUy-QuinnM., andFarrellE. P. (2002) A survey of lakes in the Republic of Ireland hydrochemical characteristics and acid sensitivity. Ambio 31, 452-459. 

Keywords Amudarya, Aral Sea, Convective mixing. Hydrochemical characteristics, Physico-geographical conditions, Sea level, Syrdarya, Water sahnity. Water temperature... 

The results of expeditions of 1951-1954 were mainly used in preparation for the fundamental monograph by Blinov [8] that describes principal hydrochemical peculiarities of the Aral Sea. Blinov identified specific features of the hydrochemical regime of the Aral Sea. The monograph analyzed the basic salt composition and most important physico-chemical properties of the Aral Sea waters, the salt balance of the sea and the hydrochemical factors of biological productivity of this water body. In the conclusion of this publication the readers may find the general hydrochemical characteristics of the sea at the time of the publication and in the future. 

Chen LW, et al. 2003. Study of hydrochemical characteristics in Karst water of coal seam floor in the Mining District of North Anhui (in Chinese). Coal Geology and Exploration 31(2) 27-31. 

Zhang G.X., Deng W, He Y, et al. 2006. Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution laws of groundwater in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Advances in Water Science 17(l) 20-28 (in Chinese). 

Prakash Maity, J., Nath, B., Chen, C.-Y., Bhattacharya, R, Sracek, O., Bundschuh, J., Thunvik, R., Kar, S., Chatteijee, D. Jean, J.-S. (2011 a) Arsenic enrichment in groundwaters of Bengal Basin (India, Bangladesh) and Chianan Plain (Taiwan) comparison of hydrochemical characteristics and mobility constraints. Journal of Environmental Sciences Health A, 46 (11), 1163—1176. 

Barnes CE, Cochran JK (1993) Uranium geochemistry in estuarine sediments Controls on removal and release processes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57 555-569 Berkman PA, Foreman DW, Mitchell JC, Liptak RJ (1992) Scallop shell mineralogy and crystalline characteristics Proxy records for interpreting Antarctic nearshore marine hydrochemical variability. Contrib Antartic Research 57 27-38... 

Due to the small sizes and small water depths of the sea, the principal characteristics of the hydrological and hydrochemical regime are subjected to significant natural and anthropogenic variations. 

The various oxidation-reduction reactions in the Black Sea occur in narrow layers of water of similar density and form features that are characteristic of the hydrochemical structure (e.g., maxima and minima, onset points). The position of these features in the density field is very stable [17-20] and it is possible to name this feature chemotropic [21] the connection between the water density and properties of the chemical structure (by analogy with barotropic—the connection between density and pressure). In Table 1 we summarize the correspondence of the key features of the chemical structure with the density values. These values have served as a benchmark for subsequent cruises to evaluate the stability of the characteristic features. 

Seven types of aquatic interfaces, with differing horizontal and vertical gradients in hydrochemical and physical characteristics, can occur in floodplain lakes river-lake interface, direct rain and through-fall—lake interface, upland stream—lake interface, lake-lake connections, epilimnion-hypolimnion interface, lake—sediment porewater interface, and lakeshore—ground-water interface. 

Liu, Z., Zhang, M., Li, Q. You, S. (2003) Hydrochemical and isotope characteristics of spring water and travertine in the Baishuitai area (SW China) and their meaning for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Environmental Geology 44, 698-704. 

Based on exact process studies in selected validation areas (like the redox studies in the Oderbruch region) chemical indicator elements can be used to characterize the environmental conditions with sufficient accuracy. Using the GIS data model, the interpretation of the region by characterizing distinct geohydraulic properties of the different catchment parts in connection with the derived hydrochemical conditions enables a comprehensive spatial hydraulic-chemical characterization on basis of the main chemical characteristics in the identified aquifer complexes. Considering the results of the hydrochemical calculations in the anoxic aquifer in the Oderbruch and at the interface between this aquifer to surface waters, iron measurements in connection with the common hydrochemical parameters can be used to characterize the redox con-... 

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