Hydrocarbons in Biology

Few analytical methods are available for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in biological samples, but analytical methods for several important hydrocarbon components of total petroleum hydrocarbons may be modified. Most involve solvent extraction and saponification of lipids, followed by separation into aliphatic and aromatic fractions on adsorption columns. Hydrocarbon groups or target compounds are determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization or... 

Pothuluri, J. V. Cerniglia, C. E. (1994). Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In Biological Degradation and Bioremediation of Toxic Chemicals, ed. G. R. Chaudhry, Portland, OR Dioscorides Press. 

Hara K, Nagata T, Kishimoto E, et al. 1980. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric demonstration of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in biological materials. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi 34 507-512. 

Table 3-5. Analytical Methods for Determining Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Biological Samples... 

Analytical Methods for Determining Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Biological... 

Hydrated bilayers containing one or more lipid components are commonly employed as models for biological membranes. These model systems exhibit a multiplicity of structural phases that are not observed in biological membranes. In the state that is analogous to fluid biological membranes, the liquid crystal or La bilayer phase present above the main bilayer phase transition temperature, Ta, the lipid hydrocarbon chains are conforma-tionally disordered and fluid ( melted ), and the lipids diffuse in the plane of the bilayer. At temperatures well below Ta, hydrated bilayers exist in the gel, or Lp, state in which the mostly all-trans chains are collectively tilted and pack in a regular two-dimensional... 

Sulfur, and tetraethyllead, simultaneous determination by modified differential absorptiometry, 144, 145 determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 66, 67, 329 in biological samples, determination by monochromatic x-ray absorption-edge method, 299-301 in hydrocarbons, determination by monochromatic absorptiometry, 130-135... 

Mix MC. 1984. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment Occurrence and biological monitoring. In Hodgson E,ed. Reviews in environmental toxicology I. New York, NY Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 51-102. 

Elliott, J.E., Wilson, L.K., and Henny, C.J. et al. (2001). Assessment of biological effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons in osprey chicks. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20, 866-879. 

Milde G, Norger M, Mergler R. 1988. Biological degradation of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater. Water Science Technology 20 67-74. 

The compounds that are identifiable in the sea represent a vast array of biochemicals attributable to the life and death of marine plants and animals. They are generally grouped into six classes based on structural similarities hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Because they represent compounds that can be quantified and understood for their chemical properties and known role in biological systems, a great deal of information has been accumulated over the years about these groups and the specific compounds found within them.7... 

Bulman, T.L., Lesage, S., Fowlie, P., Webber, M.D. (1987) The fate of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. In Oil in Fresh Water Chemistry, Biology, Countermeasure Technology. Vandermeulan, J.H., Hurley, S.E., Editors, Pergamon Press, New York. 

Katz, M., Chan, C., Tosine, H., Sakuma, T. (1979) Relative rates of photochemical and biological oxidation (in vitro) of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. In Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Jones, P.W., Leher, P., Eds., pp. 171-189, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI. 

Zitko V, Choi P (1971) PCB and Other Industrial Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Environment. Fish Research Board Ottawa Canada Technical Report No. 272 Biological Station St Andrews NB... 

Dunn, B.P. 1980. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments, bivalves, and seaweeds analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pages 367-377 in A. Bjorseth and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemistry and Biological Effects. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

McMahon, C.K. and S.N. Tsoukalas. 1978. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in forest fire smoke. Pages 61-73 in P.W. Jones and R.I. Freudenthal (eds.). Carcinogenesis —A Comprehensive Survey. Vol. 3. Polynuclear National Symposium on Analysis, Chemistry, and Biology. Raven Press, New York. 

Philpot, R.M. et al. in "Sources, Effects and Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment" American Institute of Biological Sciences, 576 p., Washington, D.C., 1976. 

Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment", pp. 423-436, The American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1976. 

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