Hydrocarbon derivatives prefixes

For the naming of monoazo compounds R —N2 —R, in which the linked radicals are derived from identical parent hydrocarbons, the prefix azo is added to the name of the parent hydrocarbon hydride, e.g., 1,2-azonaphthalene. Complex compounds with two or more azo groups are named in a similar manner (see Rule C-9.11.3). 

Two systems (246,247) will be discussed in this subsection. The nomenclature of these compounds, as of other borazaromatics, has been a point of controversy. Whereas the authors in this field generally followed the procedure of naming these compounds after the isoconjugate parent aromatic hydrocarbon with prefixes like bora and aza indicating the replacement of a methine group by these atoms, in Chemical Abstracts the principal names are derived by reference to the azaborine system. In this Section and in Section... 

Two types of names are often used for the same hydrocarbon derivative. For substitutive names, the hydrocarbon name is written out and the correct prefix or suffix is added for the derivative group. For functional class names, the hydrocarbon is written as a functional group and the derivative is added as a second word. 

Most of the hydrocarbon-derivative functional groups in organic compounds are designated by either a sufQx or a prefix, as shown in Table B. Rules regarding whether a prefix or a suffix designation is used are as follows ... 

In the lUPAC naming system, the organic halides are named as halo- derivatives of the parent hydrocarbons. The prefix hah- can heflmro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo-. Simple alkyl... 

The nitroparaffins are named as derivatives of the corresponding hydrocarbons by usiag the prefix "nitro" to designate the NO2 group (1), eg, 1,1-dinitroethane, CH2CH(N02)2- The salts obtained from nitroparaffins and the so-called nitronic acids are identical and may be named as derivatives of either, eg, sodium salt of i7ti-nitromethane, or sodium methanenitronate [25854-38-0]. 

Continuing in the alkane series (also called the paraffin series because the first solid hydrocarbon in the series is paraffin, or candle wax), the next compound is pentane. This name is derived from the Greek word penta, for five. As its name implies, it has five carbon atoms, and its molecular formula is C,H12. From pentane on, the Greek prefix for the numbers five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and so on are used to name the alkanes, the Greek prefix corresponding to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The first four members of the alkane series do not use the Greek... 

Cyclic hydrocarbon systems consisting of three or more rings may be named in accordance with the principles stated in Rule A-31. The appropriate prefix tricyclo- , tetracyclo- , etc., is substituted for bicyclo- before the name of the open-chain hydrocarbon containing the same total number of carbon atoms. Radicals derived from these hydrocarbons are named according to the principles set forth in Rule A-31.4. 

Alkanes. The saturated open-chain (acyclic) hydrocarbons (Cyd +2) have names ending in -ane. The first four members have the trivial names methane (CH4), ethane (CH3CH3 or C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10). For the remainder of the alkanes, the first portion of the name is derived from the Greek prefix (see Table 11.4) that cites the number of carbons in the alkane followed by -ane with elision of the terminal -a from the prefix, as shown in Table 1.1. 

Ketones. Acyclic ketones are named (1) by adding the suffix -one to the name of the hydrocarbon forming the principal chain or (2) by citing the names of the radicals R1 and R2 followed by the word ketone. In addition to the preceding nomenclature, acyclic monoacyl derivatives of cyclic compounds may be named (3) by prefixing the name of the acyl group to the name of the cyclic compound. For example,... 

Fused ring systems that have other bridges are usually named by prefixing the name of the bridge to the name of the fused ring system. The names of hydrocarbon bridges are derived from the names of the parent hydrocarbons by replacing the final -ane, -ene, etc., by -ano, -eno, etc. Thus, -CH2- is methano and -CH=CH- is etheno. 

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