Hydrocarbon derivatives amines

Types of compounds are arranged according to the following system hydrocarbons and basic heterocycles hydroxy compounds and their ethers mercapto compounds, sulfides, disulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones, sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids and their derivatives amines, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, hydrazo and azo compounds carbonyl compounds and their functional derivatives carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives and organometallics. In each chapter, halogen, nitroso, nitro, diazo and azido compounds follow the parent compounds as their substitution derivatives. More detail is indicated in the table of contents. In polyfunctional derivatives reduction of a particular function is mentioned in the place of the highest functionality. Reduction of acrylic acid, for example, is described in the chapter on acids rather than functionalized ethylene, and reduction of ethyl acetoacetate is discussed in the chapter on esters rather than in the chapter on ketones. 

Amine The hydrocarbon derivative in which an amine group (NH2) is substituted for a hydrogen atom and which has the general formula R-NH2. 

Few sodium stannite deaminations are to be found in the literature, and of these a substantial fraction concerns unsubstituted amines and their homologs. Thus, benzene is obtained from aniline in 60% yield,102 18 and the hydrocarbons derived from 2,3-dimethylaniline and 2,4,5-trimethylaniline are produced in satisfactory yields and in a high state of purity.108... 

The C—H insertion reaction of nitrenes is a potentially useful way of functionalizing unactivated C—H bonds, converting hydrocarbons into amine derivatives. In its intermolecular form the synthetic utility of the reaction is highly dependent on the substituents on the nitrene, and on the manner in which it is generated. To exemplify these effects, the results for the functionalization of cyclohexane by insertion of various nitrenes (equation 1) are summarized in Table 1. 

Fluoroalkyl groups correspondingly lower the strengths of bases. Table 4.3 shows the dissociation constants of some amines, together with hydrocarbon derivatives for comparison. 

Some breakdown, as well as cyclisation reactions, can be expected for most of the coded amino acids when they are held at temperatures around and above 200 °C. These processes lead to decarboxylation, side-chain loss to form glycine and formation of amines, furans, pyrroles and pyridines, typically. Higher temperatures (850-1000 °C) cause all the common amino acids to decompose to HCN as the major pyrolysis product, together with C02 and the hydrocarbon derived from the side-chain. 

Although the Cyanamid group is of commercial importance, relatively few hydrocarbon derivatives are available for study. The chemical shifts of the aliphatic groups bonded to the Cyanamid group display intermediate deshielding similar to that of the corresponding amines. 

Amine a hydrocarbon derived from ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. 

There are four subfamilies of hydrocarbons, known as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. (These families will be discussed in detail in Chapters 4 and 5.) The alkane and aromatic families of hydrocarbons occur naturally the alkenes and alkynes are manmade. Both types of hydrocarbons are used to make other families of chemicals, known as hydrocarbon derivatives. Radicals of the hydrocarbon families are made by removing at least one hydrogen from the hydrocarbon and replacing it with a nonmetal other than carbon or hydrogen. Ten of these hydrocarbon derivatives will be discussed in detail in the appropriate chapters associated with then-major hazards alkyl halides, nitros, amines, ethers, peroxides, alcohols, ketones,... 

Dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH, an amine hydrocarbon derivative, is a gas with an ammonia-like odor. It is a dangerous fire risk, with a flammable range of 2.8 to 14% in air. It is insoluble in water. The vapor density is 1.55, which is heavier than air. The boiling point is 44°F, and the ignition temperature is 806°F. Dimethylamine is an irritant, with a TLV of 10 ppm in air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1032. The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 4, and reactivity 0. The... 

There are seven hydrocarbon-derivative families whose primary hazard is flammability (see Chapter 2, Figure 2.63) alkyl halide, amine, ether, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and ester. The alkyl halides, amines, and ethers are nonpolar. The ethers, alcohols, and aldehydes are polar and have wide flammable ranges. Some organic acids are flammable inorganic acids do not bum. However, flammability is not the primary hazard of most organic acids. They will be discussed in detail in Chapter 10. 

Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives containing one or more OH groups. Ethers are formed by a condensation reaction of two molecules of alcohol. Several functional groups contain the carbonyl (C=0) group, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Aldehydes and ketones can be produced by the oxidation of certain alcohols. Further oxidation of the aldehydes produces carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids can form esters by a condensation reaction with alcohols, or they can form amides by a condensation reaction with amines. Esters imdergo hydrolysis (saponification) in the presence of strong bases. 

Commonly used probes are fluorescein derivatives, rhodamine derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coumarines, amine reagents such as fluoresca-mine or NBD-Cl, phycobiliproteins, porphyrins, and metal chelates. The latter may show fluorescence,... 

Some organics, acetic anhydride, metals, alcohols, wood and its derivatives, amines, inorganic bases Aldehydes, alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons Flammable liquids, metals, aldehydes, alcohols, impact, hydrocarbons (unsaturated)... 

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