Hydraulic sulfur spraying

Figure 1. Flowsheet of process for coating urea with sulfur and a wax sealant using either pneumatic or hydraulic sulfur-spraying system...

USING PNEUMATIC SULFUR SPRAYING USING HYDRAULIC SULFUR SPRAYING Figure 2. Sulfur-coating drum operation... 

The process and the related variables depend on whether the plant is producing sulfur-coated urea with or without a sealant and whether the sulfur is being applied with the pneumatic or hydraulic sulfur-spraying system. 

Hydraulic Sulfur-Spraying System. Sulfur-Coated Urea with Sealant. Figure 9 is a flow diagram of the hydraulic spraying system used in the 1 ton/hr sulfur-coated urea pilot plant. Since nozzle openings are smaller (0.007-0.015 in.) than the orifices used in the pneumatic system, sulfur filtration in this system is even more important. 

The sulfur-coating drum is about 4 ft in diameter and 6 ft long. The internals of the drum and the associated sulfur piping are completely different depending on whether the sulfur is atomized pneumatically or hydraulically. A schematic of sulfur-coating drum operation with the two types of sulfur spraying is shown in Figure 2. 

Composite materials must survive in the environment to which they are subjected at least as well as the conventional materials they replace. Some of the harmful environments encountered include exposure to humidity, water immersion, salt spray, jet fuel, hydraulic fluid, stack gas (includes sulfur dioxide), fire, lightning, and gunfire as well as the combined effects of the space environment. 

Phenolysis Reaction Procedure. To explore the concept of phenolation, mixtures of a commercial spray-dried softwood ammonium lignin sulfonate (10 g, Orzan A, 60% ammonium lignin sulfonate (MW0 = 228), 28% sugars, 6.2% sulfur, 2.5% ash, ITT-Rayonier, Shelton, Washington available in bulk at 17 cents a pound (<9) and commercial grade phenol (15 mL, Reichhold Chemicals Inc., Tacoma, Washington) contained in small pressure bombs (30 mL, Parr Instrument Company, Moline, Illinois) were heated by suspension in a hydraulic... 

Figure 5. Sulfur-coated urea quality using optimum production rates and operating conditions for pneumatic and hydraulic spraying systems...

Figure 9. Flow diagram of system for supplying sulfur to hydraulic spray nozzles. All sulfur lines are steam jacketed or submerged in molten sulfur.

Hydraulic pressure. The pilot plant is able to spray at pressures up to 3000 psig. Theoretically, nozzle atomization efficiency increases with pressure. Therefore the most desirable conditions for sulfur application are the highest pressure attainable and the smallest nozzle available. However, filtration problems associated with the smallest nozzles com-... 

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