Hydrated expls

Oxalate Blasting Powders. Mining safety expls invented in Eng) by Greaves and Hann in 1897— 98 and manufd by the Oxalate Blasting Powder Co at Gatebeck (Westmoreland), which later became the Nitrates Explosives Co, Ltd. These expls were a modification of BlkPdr in which sulfur was partially or entirely replaced by one or more of the following oxalic acid, oxalates of Aram, K or Na (simple or double), borax, boric acid, etc, each of which could contain w of hydration. The purpose of these substitutions was to obtain expls with a cool flame, so that they could be safely used in gaseous mines Refs 1) Daniel (1902), 592-3 2) Cond-... 

Cd CI04)2.Cd(0Hh 3N2H4. Prepd by mixing a soln of 28.6g of Cd perchlorate hexahydrate in 20ml of w with a soln of 50g of hydrazine hydrate in 5ml of w (Ref 6). Its expl props are expln temp 235° impact sensy (1 kg wt) 36cm (MF 20cm) in the Trauzl Pb block expansion test 1 g on deton produced a cavity of 11.8cc (TNT 21.5cc) (Ref 7)... 

Ref 2). This was followed by Will in 1906 (Ref 3), Silberrad and Phillips in 1908 (Ref 4), and Kast in 1911 (Ref 5). More recently (1938), Hopper of PicArsn (Ref 6) detd and described the expl properties of the following metallic picrates Ai, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe+3, Fe+2, Na, Ni and Zn. In general,he prepd the salts as cryst hydrates from aq solns by methods outlined by Silberrad Phillips, and Kast. These were then dehydrated by heating at temps of 80 to 150°, depending on the ease with which the w of crystn could be driven off, to obtain the desired degree of hydration... 

Ditiitrophenylhydrazine, blsh-red crysts (from ale), mp 194°, dec at 198° insol in w sol in ale ethyl acetate, si sol in ether, benz chlf was prepd in 1894 by Purgotti and in 1912 by Green Rowe by heating on a w bath 4-Chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene with freshly prepd ale hydrazine hydrate. Some of its salts are expl (Refs 1,4, 5 6)... 

N)3C6H2NH.NH2 mw 243.14, N 28.81% red-brn prisms nearly insol in w, eth, chlf, cold ale or benz si sol in hot ale sol in acetic acid was prepd from picrylchloride hydrazine hydrate or acetate in ale. This compd is an expl less powerful less brisant than PA Refs 1) Bed 15, 493, (147) [221]... 

Ethanol, Etbylol, Ethyl Alcohol or Alcohol (Alcool in Fr, Alkohol in Ger and Alkogol in Rus), CH.gCHaOH mw 46.07, colorless liq, sp gr 0.879 at 20°/4, fr p —114.5°, bp 78.4°, fl p of 95% ale 14°C(57°F), heat of combustion 327.6kcal/mole and heat of formation —66.4kcal/nole, miscible with w, eth, methanol 8c chlf sol in many other org solvents. It is a good solvent for many expls and its mixture with eth dissolves NC of 12%N. Alcohol can be derived from ethylene either by direct catalytic hydration or by means of ethyl sulfate as an intermediate. 

Since it contains water of crystallization, and because it is cheap and abundant, it was proposed as a temp reducing (cooling) agent in permissible expls (See Hydrated Explosives). It was also previously used as a source of sulfur and for the prepn of sulfuric acid. Many other uses are listed in Refs 3 St 5... 

N 27.30% yel solid was prepd by treating 2 mols of 2,2,2-trin itroethanol with 1 mol hydrazine hydrate in aq soln (Ref 2). This compd may be. suitable as an ingredient of expl or proplnt compns... 

CA 70, 49l64r(1969) [Expl compns are described which contain one or more hydrated... 

Acetaldehyde, Axido Derivative(Azidoacetaldehyde or Triazoacetaldehyde), Ns.CHa CH0, very unstable oil, expl mildly on heating. Was prepd in impure state from chloroacetaldehyde hydrate and Na azide. Dec by KOH with violent evoln of ammonia nitrogen... 

Mercuric Acetylide [Quecksilber(II)-acetyl-enid, in Ger], HgCa, mw 224.63.Keiser(Ref 2) claimed to prep it by passing CaHa through Nessler s soln (an alk mercuric potassium iodide soln). The resulting white, very expl ppt proved later to be the hydrate 3HgCj +HaO. This hydrate dec at 110° and expl at higher temps. It Is in sol in w, ale eth... 

The copper azide chloride, Cu(N3)a-3CuCla 6H,0 or Cu(Nj)a 3CuCla prepd by Straumanis Cirulis (Ref 16) expl at 207-8°. The hydrate cannot be dehydrated. Therefor the anhyd compd should be prepd from abs ale The general types of copper azide addn compds a)[Cu(N,) ] b)[Cu(N3)J c)... 

Wilhelm Explosives. Patented (No 9952) in Ger in 1894 expl mixts consisting of inorganic nitrates or oxalates with small amts of chlor-hydrates or organic salts of aromatic amines. Typical formulations were 1) Amm nitrate 92,... 

As hydrated Mg chromates combine the props of both oxidizing and cooling agents, their use as possible components of permissible coa] mining expls is suggested by the Authors... 

Cobalt(ll)hydrazine Nitrate ar Cobaltous Trihydrazine Nitrate, Co(NC>3)2.3N2H4 brownish pdr mp - expl ca 210° exlp also on impact, friction or contact with coned sulfuric acid decomp in presence of moisture. Can be prepd by treating cobaltous hexammine nitrate with 50% hydrazine hydrate or by other methods. 

Co[C6H(OH)(N02)3] 2 brown pdr (Refs 1, 3 4) or dk red crysts (from ale) (Refs 2 5) mp expl with moderate violence at 320-25°. Can be obtained on heating to ca 150° any of its hydrates, such as with 2-, 6- or 9.5-H20 (Refs 1 3). Tetra - and penta-hydrates are also reported (Ref 1). Bernardi Piacentini (Refs 2 5), reported prepn of anhydrous salt by treating picric acid in ethanol with Co hydroxide... 

In order to lower the flame temp of these expls, salts, like NaCl, KCI, Amm chloride, alums, blue vitriol, hydrated Amm oxalate, Glauber s salt, gypsum, borax, Epsom salt, hydrated A1 sulfate, etc, may be incorporated (Ref 23, PP 352 53)... 

LCu(en)2] (C104)2 blue-viol prisms, expl violently on heating. Can be prepd by evapn under vacuum, over coned H2S04,an aq Soln of Cu sulfate (1 mole) mixed with ethylenediamine (2 jmoles) and Na perchlorate (2 moles). Its monc-bydrate, viol-blue ndls, expl at 264°or on contact with coned H2S04- A hydrate with with 0-5H2O was also reported Refs 1) Beil 4, [678] 486 2) J. Amiel,... 

Copper(ll)hydrazine Chlorate, Cu(C103)2r 2N2H4 col ppt, expl by itself without being touched. Was prepd by treating very cold Cu(II) chlorate ale soln with hydrazine hydrate Refs 1) W. Friederich P. Ver Voorst, SS 21,... 

Copper(ll)-hydrozine Nitrate, Cu(N03)2.2N2H4 blue-grn pdr, expl on heating with crackling noise and evoln of reddish light. Can be prepd by treating ale soln of cupric nitrate with hydrazine hydrate... 

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