Hybrid sensor system

Most microhotplate-based chemical sensors have been realized as multi-chip solutions with separate transducer and electronics chips. One example includes a gas sensor based on a thin metal film [16]. Another example is a hybrid sensor system comprising a tin-oxide-coated microhotplate, an alcohol sensor, a humidity sensor and a corresponding ASIC chip (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) [17]. More recent developments include an interface-circuit chip for metal oxide gas sensors and the conccept for an on-chip driving circuitry architecture of a gas sensor array [18,19]. 

Fig. 2.1. Schematic diagram of design considerations for monolithic or hybrid metal-oxide-based sensor systems...

A DNA optical sensor system was proposed by Cass and co-workers [35] based on the combination of sandwich solution hybridization, magnetic bead capture, flow injection and chemiluminescence for the rapid detection of DNA hybridization. Sandwich solution hybridization uses two sets of DNA probes, one labelled with biotin, the other with an enzyme marker and hybridization is performed in solution where the mobility is greater and the hybridization process is faster, rather than on a surface. The hybrids were bound to the streptavidin-coated magnetic beads through biotin-streptavidin binding reaction. A chemiluminescence fibre-optic biosensor for the detection of hybridization of horseradish peroxidase-labelled complementary DNA to covalent immobilized DNA probes was developed by Zhou and co-workers [36]. 

Since a large number of metabolic processes take place in HIS, HIS sensors generally appear less selective than enzyme electrodes. On the other hand, this property permits the detection of group effects (so-called complex variables), the measurement of whole classes of substances via their action on certain cell loci or on the metabolism as a whole, and the characterization of the biocatalytic systems themselves. The potentials of HIS sensors have been further expanded by the hybrid sensor technique, in which the substance to be determined is coupled to a given metabolic pathway by additional, coimmobilized enzymes. 

Monicke H.-J.(1991) Measurements of high-frequency oscillations by optoelectronic and internal sensors in a hybrid measurement system. Paper presented on the 1st International Symposium on Applications of Geodesy to Engineering, Stuttgart. 

P. Kdl, K. Rumpf, and A. Jossen, Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy for Li-Ion Batteries with an IR Temperature Sensor System, in The 27th World Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition, 11/2013. 

Ag-NPs are not so commonly used as Au-NPs but nevertheless their cataljAic properties in electrochemical detection have also been exploited. For instance, they were reported as promoters for electron transfer between the graphite electrode and hemoglobin in a NO sensor system where they also act as a base to attach the hemoglobin onto a pyroljAic graphite electrode while preserving the hemoglobin natural conformation and therefore its reactivity [46], With respect to the application of silver catal)Aic properties on DNA hybridization detection, the published works refer mostly to its use in combination with Au-NPs by means of chemical or electrochemical silver deposition onto them [29]. 

Chemresistors based on a hexafluoroisopropanol-substituted polythiophene (HFIP-PT)/SWCNT hybrid system were shown to be highly sensitive and selective for DMMP. The fast and reproducible response was observed for HFIP-PT/SWCNT hybrid sensor, which gave an 8% conductance change upon exposure to even very low (0.6 ppm) concentration of DMMP. Moreover, the sensor displays a linear logarithmic response to analyte concentration over two decades of concentration (Figure 12.26). 

Hao, Y. A. N. G., Ze-Hui, M. A. O., JIANG, Bin. (2006). Model-based fault tolerant control for hybrid dynamic systems with sensor faults. Acta Automatica Sinica., 52(5), 680-685. 

Tao, L., Xinyong, D., Chun-Liu, Z. Yang, L. [2010]. Polymer-coated hybrid fiber grating for relative humidity sensing. Proceedings of SPIE in Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications IV, Vol. 7853, SPIE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6. 

The use of "natural" biological materials is particularly promising if a combination of biological and synthetic structures, i e, a hybrid approach is chosen to build chemical sensor systems Again the controlled signal transduction across interfaces plays the central role in current research... 

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