Hybrid polymer electrolytes applications

The solid polymer electrolyte approach provides enhanced safety, but the poor ambient temperature conductivity excludes their use for battery applications. which require good ambient temperature performance. In contrast, the liquid lithium-ion technology provides better performance over a wider temperature range, but electrolyte leakage remains a constant risk. Midway between the solid polymer electrolyte and the liquid electrolyte is the hybrid polymer electrolyte concept leading to the so-called gel polymer lithium-ion batteries. Gel electrolyte is a two-component system, viz., a polymer matrix... 

One of the applications for hydrogen is for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. As mentioned earlier, one application is a hydrogen fuelled hybrid fuel cell / ultra-capacitor transit bus program where significant energy efficiencies can be demonstrated. Another commercial application is for fuel cell powered forklifts and other such fleet applications that requires mobile electrical power with the additional environmental benefits this system provides. Other commercial applications being developed by Canadian industry is for remote back-up power such as the telecommunications industry and for portable fuel cell systems. 

Baradie, B., Dodelet, J.R, and Guay, D., Hybrid Nafion -inorganic membrane with potential applications for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, J. Electroanal. Chem., 489, 101, 2000. 

N. Miyake, J.S. Wainright and R.F. Savinell, Evaluation of a sol-gel derived Nafion/ silica hybrid membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. II. Methanol uptake and methanol permeability, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2001, 148, A905-A909. 

A solid polymer electrolyte may be defined as electrically conducting solution of a salt in a polymer. Solid polymer electrolytes are popular and practical applications in portable telecommunication devices, computers, and hybrid electric vehicles and for the possibility of using them in compact, lightweight, high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries. 

Nookala, M., Scanlon, L. G., Marsh, R. A. (1997). Preparation and characterization of a hybrid solid polymer electrolyte consisting of poly(ethyleneoxide) and poly(actylonitrile) for polymer-battery application. Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1997IECEC-97, Proceedings of the 32nd Intersociety, vol. 1, pp. 13-18. 

Thakur VK, Ding G, Ma J, Lee PS, Lu X. Hybrid materials and polymer electrolytes for electrochromic device applications. Adv Mater 2012 24 4071-4096. 

Okamoto, K., Yaguchi, K., Yamamoto, H., Chen, K., Endo, N., Higa, M., Kita, H., Sulfonated polyimide hybrid membranes for polymer electrolyte fnel cell applications, J. Power Sources, 2010, 195, 5856. 

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