Hyaluronic acid-derivatives

Hyaluronic acid was first found in the vitreous body of the cattle eye by Meyer and Palmer in 1934 (27), and then was found in other tissues such as extracellular matrix and synovial fluid of the joints. 

Hyaluronic acid is a viscoelastic fluid filled in the space between cells and collagenous fibers and coated on some epidermal tissues. Hyaluronic acid plays an important role in the biological organism as a mechanical support of the cells of many tissues, such as the skin, the tendons, the muscles and cartilage. Hyaluronic acid also performs other functions in biological processes, such as moistening of tissues, lubrication, and cellular migration (28). 

Hyaluronic acid and its salts have been used in pharmaceutical, surgical and cosmetic fields. However, since hyaluronic acid is expensive and is quite easily biodegraded, its application has been rather limited. Several methods have been developed to modify hyaluronic acid in order to increase its resistance to biodegradation. A series of publications are dealing with salts and ester derivatives, including crosslinked substances (29,30). 

Hyaluronic acid has been also modified with a long chain alkyl group or a biodegradable prepol mier (28). The prepolymer may be 

Subsequently the synthesis of an octyl urethane derivative of hyaluronic acid is illustrated  

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Knowing that nitric oxide and hyaluronic acid both play an important role in the wound healing process, Di Meo et al. chose to combine the properties of both entities and synthesized new NO-donors based on hyaluronic acid derivatives exhibiting a controlled NO-release under physiological conditions (in vitro tests). These derivatives were fully characterized by and 13C NMR spectroscopy and their NO release monitored by means of UV spectrophotometric measurements.47... 

BloCare . [Amerchol Amerchol Europe] Hyaluronic acid derivs. emollient, humectant, conditioner, softener, moisturizer, lubricant f( r hair and skin care prods. 

Dr. Soltes has been employed for over 30 years at Academic Research Institutes in Bratislava, Slovakia. His research related to the polysaccharides, which started over two decades ago, resulted in patenting a novel approach "Clathrate complexes formed by hyaluronic acid derivatives and use thereof as pharmaceuticals". His current research interests are focused on the studies of hyaluronan oxidative damage and the regulation of this process. Dr. Soltes is the sole distinguished representative of Slovakia in the International Society for Hyaluronan Sciences. In 2007 he was named Scientist of the Year of the Slovak Republic. 

Carruthers A, Carey W, De Lorenzi C, Remington K, Schachter D, Sapra S. Randomized, double-blind comparison of the efficacy of two hyaluronic acid derivatives, restylane perlane and hylaform, in the treatment of nasolabial folds. Dermatol Surg 2005 31 1591-1598 discussion 1598. 

Figure 20 Fluorinated polysaccharide-hyaluronic acid derivative containing oxadiazole moieties.

A pharmaceutically active or bioactive molecule can be entrapped in the hyaluronic acid derivative micelles to form a pharmaceutically active or a bioactive composition with a stable controlled released effect (28). 

Hyaluronic acid derivatives Carboxymethyl cellulose Poly(jS-hydroxybutyrate)... 

Palumbo FS, Volpe Bavuso A, Cusimano MG, Pitarresi G, Giammona G, SchiUaci D. A poly-carboxylic/amino functionalized hyaluronic acid derivative for the production of pH sensible hydrogels in the prevention of bacterial adhesion on biomedical surfaces. Int J Pharm. 2015 478 70-7. 

Oh EJ, Park K, Kim KS, Kim J, Yang JA, Kong JH, Lee MY, Hotfman AS, Hahn SK. Target specific and long-acting delivery of protein, peptide, and nucleotide therapeutics using hyaluronic acid derivatives. J Controlled Release. 2010 141 2-12. 

Pat. WO/2000/046253, Process for the production of multiple cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives. 

Fig. 1.1 SEM images of different morphologies obtained for synthetic polymers (a polymethylmethacrylate b polystyrene c polyphenylacetylene d, e poly(Af,Af-dimethylpropargylamine derivatives f Pt-polymetaUayne) and biopolymers (g chitosan h, i, 1, m hyaluronic acid derivatives n dextran) (Reprinted with permission from Chronopoulou et al. [8]. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society)...

Figure 6.14 hESC (HES-3) propagation on cellulose microcarriers (DE53) coated with different ECM components in MEF-CM after two passages where heparan sulfate (p) indicates heparan sulfate derived from pig, heparan (b) is from bovine, Hya (s) indicates hyaluronic acid derived from Streptococcus, and Hya (b) is from bovine. In total, hESCs at 1.6x10 cells/ml were seeded on a 4 mg/ml microcarrier. This figure was modified with permission from [65] Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. 

Abatangelo, G., Barbucci, R., Brun, P. and Lamponi, S. (1997) Biocompatibility and enzymatic degradation studies on sulphated hyaluronic acid derivatives. Biomaterials 18,1411-1415. 

Hydrogels constructed from the cross-linking of polysaccharide derivatives were disclosed by Crescenzi (Scheme 12) [52]. Water-soluble hyaluronic acid derivatives with acetylene 40 and azide side chains 41 were cross-linked to afford... 

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