Humatin - Paromomycin

The aminoglycoside paromomycin Humatin) has a mode of action identical to that of the other aminocycli-tols and is directly amebicidal. It is not absorbed from the intestinal tract and thus has its primary effect on bacteria, some amebas (e.g., E. histolytica), and some helminths found in the lumen of the intestinal tract. Side effects are limited to diarrhea and gastrointestinal upset. 

Oral 500 mg tablets, powder for 100 mg/5 mL oral solution Paromomycin (Humatin)... 

Clinical Use. Paromomycin (Humatin) is an aminoglycoside antibacterial (see Chapter 33) that is used primarily to treat mild to moderate intestinal infections (amebiasis).51 This drug may also be used as an adjunct to other amebicides during the treatment of more severe protozoal infections. Paromomycin is also effective against some bacteria and tapeworms, and may be used as a secondary agent in certain bacterial or helminthic infections. This drug is administered orally. 

Paromomycin Sulfate, USP. The isolation of paromomycin (Humatin) was reported in I9S6 from a fermentation with a Streptomyces sp. (PD 04998), a strain said to resemble 5. rimostis very closely. The parent organism had been obtained from soil samples collected in Colombia. Paromomycin. however, more closely re.sembles neomycin and streptomycin in antibiotic activity than it dtx s oxytetracycline, die antibiotic obtained from S. rintosus. 

Acute intestinal amebic dysentery is most commonly treated with metronidazole (1, Flagyl) (Table 1). An alternative drug is iodoquinol (2, diiodohydroxyquin, diiodohydroxyquinoline [83-73-8]), which has also been used advantageously in combination with metronidazole or oxytetracydine (3, Terramycin [79-57-2]). For patients too sick to take iodoquinol orally, emetine (4) or dehydroemetine (5, 2,3-dehydroemetine) hydrochloride is administered either subcutaneously or intramusculady. The latter sometimes is followed by chloroquine (6, Aralen) phosphate or iodoquinol. Because emetine and dehydroemetine cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and inflammation at the injection site, these toxic compounds are used primarily for patients whose lives are threatened by the disease. Antibiotics, such as tetracycline (7, Achromycin [60-54-8]) and paromomycin (8, Humatin), are also effective against moderate intestinal amebiasis. 

Paromomycin (aminosidine, Humatin) is an aminoglycoside of the neomycin/kanamycin family that is used as an oral agent to treat E. histolytica infection. Paromomycin also has been used orally to treat cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. A topical formulation has been used to treat trichomoniasis, and parenteral administration has been used for visceral leishmaniasis. 

Kanamycin and another archaic member of the aminoglycoside antibiotic group, paromomycin (Humatin) finds some oral use for the suppression of gut flora. Paromomycin is also used for the oral treatment of amoebic dysentery. Amoebas are persistent pathogens causing chronic diarrhea and are acquired most frequently by travelers who consume food supplies contaminated with human waste. 

Ethacrynate parenteral [Edecrin] Eurosemide parenteral [Lasix] Paromomycin [Humatin] Polymyxins Streptozocin [Zanosar]... 

Plants are valuable sources for the screening of bioactive secondary metabolites, but also bacteria, fungi, and terrestrial or marine invertebrates produce pharmaceutically useful compounds. For example, paromomycin (Humatin , King Pharmaceuticals), obtained from Streptomyces krestomuceticus, is an orphan dmg that was approved by Dmg-Controller General of India in September 2006 against VL. Paromomycin was originally developed by the Institute for OneWorld Health and is an off-patent antibiotic marketed in the USA to treat intestinal parasites also. 

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