Human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis

Budka H (1989) Human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)-induced disease of the central nervous system pathology and implications for pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 77(3) 225-236 Budka H (1991) Neuropathology of human immunodeficiency vims infection. Brain Pathol 1(3) 163-175... 

Moore JP, Kitchen SG, Pugach P, Zack JA. The CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors—central to understanding the transmission and pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004 20(1) 111-126. 

Karlsson I, Grivel JC, Chen SS, et al. Differential pathogenesis of primary CCR5-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue. J Virol 2005 79(17) 11151-11160. 

Albright, A. V., Soldan, S. S. and Gonzalez-Scarano, F. Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-induced neurological disease. /. Neurovirol. 9 222-227, 2003. 

F2. Fienberg, M. B., and Greene, W. C., Molecular insights into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pathogenesis. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 4, 466-474 (1992). 

LI. Levy, J. A., Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Microbiol. Rev. 57, 183-289(1993). 

Ho DD, Pomerantz RJ, Kaplan JC. 1987. Pathogenesis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med. 317 278-286. 

Benelli, R., Barbero, A., Ferrini, S., Scapini, P., Cassatella, M., Bussolino, F., Tacchetti, C., Noonan, D. M., and Albini, A. (2000). Human immunodeficiency virus transactivator protein (Tat) stimulates chemotaxis, calcium mobilization, and activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes Implications for Tat-mediated pathogenesis./. Infect. Dis. 182, 1643-1651. 

Semba RD and Tang AM (1999) Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 181-9. 

Psoriasis can occur in association with chronic juvenile arthritis as well as Reiter s syndrome. Some investigators have demonstrated a significant increase in prevalence in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.The pathogenesis of this relationship is imclear, but an immune recognition event may occm related to the HLA-B27 antigen. A large, retrospective, population-based study found that psoriatic arthritis is mild, imcom-mon, and not associated with a significant increase in mortality. 

A.S. Fauci. 1988. The human immunodeficiency virus Infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenesis Science 239 617-622. (PubMed)... 

Ciborowski P, Gendehnan HE (2006) Human immunodeficiency virus-mononuclear phagocyte interactions Emerging avenues of biomarker discovery, modes of viral persistence and disease pathogenesis. Curr HIV Res 4 279-291. 

IL-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of (1) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), (2) septic shock, (3) periodontitis, (4) malignancy, (5) asbestosis, (6) tuberculosis, and (7) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Its presence has also been correlated with disease activity or differential diagnosis (synovial fluids, gingival fluids, or even serum). For example, patients with nonallergic bronchial asthma were characterized by increased levels of IL-1 and IL-6 produced by monocytes. 

Moore RD. Anemia and human immunodeficiency virus disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Semin Hematol 2000 37 18-23. Means RT, Krantz SB. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 1992 80 1639-1647. 

NO may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders and other forms of neurotoxicity. NO is an important mediator in central nervous system oxygen toxicity, since inhibitors of NOS protect mice against this toxicity (Oury et al., 1992). NO may play a role in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia, as the neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coat protein, glycoprotein 120 (Lipton, 1992), is due, in part, to activation of NOS (V. 

Fauci, A.S. The human immunodeficiency virus infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Science 239(4840), 617-622 (1988)... 

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