Human chorionic gonadotropin, use

P. Urios, N. Cittanova, and M.-F. Jayle, Immunoassay of the human chorionic gonadotropin using fluorescence polarization, FEES Lett. 94, 54-58 (1978). 

J. H. W. Leuvering, B. C. Goverde, P. Thai and A. Schuurs. A Homogeneous Sol Particle Immunoassay for Human Chorionic- Gonadotropin Using Monoclonal-Antibodies. Journal of Immunological Methods 60 (1-2), 9-23 (1983). 

Human chorionic gonadotropin A hormone secreted by the placenta that is used to aid in the determination of pregnancy. 

Morphologically, this is demonstrated by the development of a multinuclear syncytium with apical microvilli [49], while functional differentiation is associated with induction and synthesis of hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) [50, 51]. Cultures of primary cytotrophoblasts have been used to study functional expression of P-gp, amino acid uptake, and hormonal stimulation of amino acid uptake and... 

Aizawa et al. developed immunosensors of the first type for syphilis and blood typing [228-230] based on measurements of the transmembrane potential across an immunoresponsive membrane. The potentiometric immunosensor using an antibody against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)... 

Resistance of activated protein C and deep calf vein thrombosis has been reported during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (18). The thrombosis occurred on the eighth day of human menopausal gonadotropin use and before human chorionic gonadotropin was given. 

There is ever more evidence that the results obtained with low doses can equal those earlier obtained with larger doses, while in principle reducing the risk of over-stimulation. Where human chorionic gonadotropin is concerned, a dose of 3300 IU now appears to be sufficient, at least in high responders, to provide adequate oocyte maturation and fertilization (29), whereas doses of 5000 or 10 000 U have often been used. 

A 32-year-old woman who was not obese developed benign intracranial hypertension in association with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after ovulation induction using goserelin, follitropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (3). The syndrome did not recur during a second pregnancy in which follitropin and hCG were not used... 

These preparations are used in states of infertility to stimulate ovarian follicle development in women and spermatogenesis in men. In both sexes, they must be used in conjunction with a luteinizing hormone, ie, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), to permit ovulation and implantation in women and testosterone production and full masculinization in men. 

There is no LH preparation presently available for clinical use. Human chorionic gonadotropin— with an almost identical structure—is available and can be used as a luteinizing hormone substitute. 

Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates production of gonadal steroid hormones. The interstitial and corpus luteal cells of the female produce progesterone, and the Leydig cells of the male produce testosterone. hCG can be used to mimic a midcycle LH surge and trigger ovulation in a hypogonadotropic woman. 

Reported adverse effects include headache, depression, edema, precocious puberty, gynecomastia, or (rarely) production of antibodies to hCG. Human chorionic gonadotropin should be administered for infertility only by a physician with experience in this field. Androgen-dependent neoplasia and precocious puberty are contraindications to its use. 

About 100 ml of perfusion medium is re-used over a period of 2 days before it and the extracapillary medium are changed. The cells remain healthy for a month or more and three small capillary beds in parallel will produce over 2 x 108 cells. This method is extremely useful for the production or metabolic conversion of metabolites. Thus human chorionic gonadotropin may be isolated from the perfusate of human choriocarcinoma cells (Odell at al., 1967 Knazek and Gullino, 1973 Knazek et al., 1974). 

Abbreviations and trivial names used are RME, receptor-mediated endocytosis LDL, low density lipoprotein EGF. epidermal growth factor SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate LH, luteinizing hormone hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin and G protein, guanine nucleotide binding protein. 

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