Hormones hierarchy

Many hormones influence the above processes only indirectly by regulating the synthesis and release of other hormones (hormonal hierarchy see p.372). 

Endocrine Effects on the secretion of hormones in different hormone hierarchies,... 

See also Hormone Action, Hormone Mechanisms of Action, Hormone Hierarchy of Action, Receptors with Protein Kinase Activity, Steroid and Thyroid Hormones - Intracellular Receptors, Action of Insulin, Action of Glucagon, Action of Epinephrine... 

See also Hormone Action, Hormone Receptors, Hormone Hierarchy of Action, G Proteins and Signal Transduction... 

See also Hormone Hierarchy of Action, Hormone Action... 

Hormone systems are often linked to each another, giving rise in some cases to a hierarchy of higher-order and lower-order hormones. A particularly important example is the pituitary-hypothalamic axis, which is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). 

Hormone Release Is Regulated by a Hierarchy of Neuronal and Hormonal Signals... 

Figure 23-7 shows the anatomic location of the major endocrine glands in humans, and Figure 23-8 represents the chain of command in the hormonal signaling hierarchy. The hypothalamus, a small region of the brain (Fig. 23-9), is the coordination center of the... 

Hormones Are Organized into a Hierarchy Diseases Associated with the Endocrine System... 

Control of physiological responses often involves several hormones. In some systems, two or more hormones act in opposition to each other (e.g., insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose). In other control systems, several hormones act in information hierarchies. Section 16.4 begins with a description of the best-researched example of such a hierarchy, referred to as a hormone cascade mechanism. This is followed by a discussion of growth factors, specialized proteins that stimulate cell division in susceptible cells. 

Hormonal regulation involves a hierarchy of cell types acting on each other either to stimulate or to modulate the release and action of a hormone. Secretion of hormones from endocrine cells is stimulated by chemical signals from regulatory cells that occupy a higher position in this hierarchy (Figure 23.8). 

Most pituitary hormones act on endocrine glands that occupy an intermediate, or secondary, position in the hierarchy, stimulating them to produce hormones that exert the ultimate actions on target tissues. Pituitary hormones that act on other endocrine glands are called tropic hormones or tropins. An example is adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH), also called / -corticotropin (see here also). This peptide is secreted from the anterior pituitary, and it stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, which in turn act on a number of tissues. 

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