Hormone, adrenocorticotropic growth

Otfier fiormones accelerate tfie release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and raise tfie plasma free fatty acid concentration by increasing the rate of lipolysis of the triacylglycerol stores (Figure 25—8). These include epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a- and P-melanocyte-stimulat-ing hormones (MSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), and vasopressin. Many of these activate the hormone-sensitive hpase. For an optimal effect, most of these lipolytic processes require the presence of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones. These hormones act in a facilitatory or permissive capacity with respect to other lipolytic endocrine factors. 

Functional pituitary adenomas can be found to express a variety of hormones, such as growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone. 

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A number of endocrine tissues respond to PGs. In a number of species, the systemic administration of PGE increases circulating concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, prolactin, and gonadotropins. Other effects include stimulation of steroid production by the adrenals, stimulation of insulin release, and thyrotropinlike effects on the thyroid. The critical role of PGF in parturition relies on its ability to induce an oxytocin-dependent decline in progesterone levels. PGE works as part of a positive-feedback loop to induce oocyte maturation required for fertihzation during and after ovulation. 

The anterior lobe of the pituitary secretes growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormones, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and endorphins. 

Pituitary (hypophysis) Anterior (adenophypophysis) Base of the brain Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Growth hormone (GH), prolactin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)... 

Growth hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Prolactin... 

R. C. Smallbridge, F. E. Carr and El. G. Fein, Diisopropylfluorophos-phate (DFP) reduces serum prolactin, thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone, and growth hormone and increases adrenocorticotropic and corticosterone in rats involvement of dopaminergic and somatostatinergic as well as cholinergic pathways, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1991, 108, 284-295. 

Nickel ions have been shown to depress the in vivo and in vitro release of prolactin [336], while the release of growth hormone was stimulated, and only at relatively high ion concentrations. Hyperglycemia occurs in rats following intraperitoneal or intratracheal injections of NiCl2 [265, 337, 338], The mechanism of action of nickel appears to be inhibition of insulin release this inhibition could be related to the extremely high concentration of nickel found in the pituitary and the effect on the secretion of the pituitary hormones (growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone). 

As would be expected of active protein secreting cells, glandular epithelial tissue, the cytokine secreting cells of the immune system and the blood vessel endothelium, have an extensive internal structure consisting of rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria. Peptide hormones, growth factors and cytokines like all proteins are synthesized by DNA transcription and mRNA translation. The primary transcript of the mRNA may code for an inactive prohormone which requires careful proteolysis to produce the active hormone, as for example in the case of insulin. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is particularly interesting in this respect because... 

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland Part I. Growth and Adrenocorticotropic Hormones Choh Hao Li... 

Anterior part produces its own hormones in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones, e.g., adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, luteinizing hormone LH, follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH Thyroid Regulation of metabolism, development, and maturation... 

---