Hordeum sativum

The germination- and growth-inhibiting actions of TCPE, DCPA and 2,4,5-T have been investigated in mustard (Sinapis alba) and barley (Hordeum sativum), and have been followed also by the measurement of polyphenol-oxidase, peroxidase and dehydrogenase enzyme activity. 

Barley Hordeum sativum) has always been a popular grain in the feeding of farm animals, especially pigs. In most varieties of barley the kernel is surrounded by a huU, which forms about 10-14 per cent of the weight of the grain. 

Seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Roman), cress (Lepidium sativum L. cv. Comun), and onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Valenciana), were obtained from FITO, S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). Seeds of wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare L) were obtained from Rancho La Merced, Junta de Andalucia, Jerez, Spain. All undersized or damaged seeds were discarded, and the assay seeds were selected for uniformity. Bioassays were carried out in 9 cm 0 plastic Petri dishes, using Whatman 1 filter paper as support. 

The general procedure for seedling bioassay was as follows 25 seeds of each species were placed per dish, excepting Hordeum vulgare (10 seeds per dish), with 5 mL of the test solution, and incubated in the dark at 25°C. Four replicates for each concentration were set up. Germination and growth time varied for each plant species Lepidium sativum, 3 days Lactuca sativa and Hordeum vulgare, 5 days and Allium cepa, 7 days. 

There are five classes of fructans inulin, levan, mixed levan, inulin neoseries, and levan neoseries [26]. Inulin is a linear polysaccharide composed of (2-l)-P-D-fructosyl units (Figure 2.5a). Levan is a linear polysaccharide composed of (2-6)-P-D-fructosyl units (Figure 2.5b). Mixed levan is a branched polysaccharide composed of (2-1) and (2-6)-P-D-fructosyl units. Inulin neoseries is a linear polysaccharide composed of two inulin polymers that are connected together by a sucrose molecule. Levan neoseries is a linear polysaccharide composed of two levan polymers linked together by the glucose unit of the sucrose molecule. The type of fructan produced varies with plant species. For example, plants such as chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the Asteraceae family produce inulin. Plants in the Liliaceae family such as garlic (Allium sativum) produce inulin neoseries. Plants in the Poaceae family such as wheat (Triticum spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and oats (Avena sativa) produce mixed levan or levan neoseries. 

Tyramine 1 CjHnNO 137.18 164-164.5 (161") Magnolia and Desmodium species, Pisum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, Lophophora williamsii 51-67-2... 

Nicotiana gluaca (tobacco) Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) Vida villosa (vetch) Hordeum vulgare (barley) Pisum sativum (pea) Triticum aestivum (wheat) Allium sp. (onion)... 

Studies on the uptake of amino acids and oligopeptides into embryos of Hordeum vulgare indicate independent transport systems (97) whilst uptake studies with chloroplasts from Pisum sativum have indicated the presence of two carrier systems, one transporting glycine and aliphatic amino acids (L-alanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and l-valine) and the other transporting L-serine, L-threonine and L-methionine. The carrier systems may not perform active transport but merely facilitated diffussion (244). Other studies have also indicated the possibility of transport of amino acids into chloroplasts (285). 

Seedlings of Avena sativa cv. Flamingnova, Hordeum vulgare cv. Alexis, Triticum aestivum cv. Max, Poa annua, Poa pratensis and Pi sum sativum cv. 

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