Hoover Dam

These industries try to locate near a source of hydropower (Niagara Falls or Hoover Dam) or near a source of excess nuclear power. They generally work out arrangements to get power at a reduced cost based on being the first one cut off when electric load shedding is required. 

The widespread availabiHty of electrical energy completely transformed modem society and enabled a host of breakthroughs in manufacturing, medical science, communications, constmction, education, and transportation. Centralized fossil fuel-powered, steam-turbine-based power plants remain the dominant means of electricity production. However, hydropower faciHties such as the 1900-MW Hoover Dam Power Project located on the Arizona—Nevada border, commissioned by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation during the 1930s, have also made significant contributions. 

An arch dam, on the other hand, relies on its shape to withstand the pressure of the water behind it. The arch curves back upstream and the force exerted by the water is transferred through the dam into the river valley walls and to the river floor. They are normally constructed in deep gorges where the geological foundations are veiy sound. The United States s Hoover Dam is an example of a concrete arch dam. 

U.S. Department of Interior. (2000). Hoover Dam National Historic Landmark. . 

The overall reaction releases 3 X 108 kj for each gram of deuterium consumed. That energy corresponds to the energy generated when the Hoover Dam operates at full capacity for about an hour. Additional tritium is supplied to facilitate the process. Because tritium has a very low natural abundance and is radioactive, it is generated by bombarding lithium-6 with neutrons in the immediate surroundings of the reaction zone ... 

Cement has been used in modern times to build houses and very large structures, such as dams. Some specifications for the Hoover Dam in the United States Southwest are as follows ... 

The surface and colloidal chemistry of cement is indeed very complicated, and the Hoover Dam was among the leading engineering achievements of the 20th century. 

The Hoover Dam site on the Colorado River between Arizona and Nevada and the Aswan Dam site on the Nile River in Egypt are examples of good locations for the harvesting of hydropower. Today, most of the good sites for hydropower are already developed. In most places, there is little hope for further significant expansion of this energy source. The only large hydropower facility currently under... 

Fossil salts can also be dissolved when water-storage or water-transmission structures are placed over saline sediments. The Lake Mead reservoir behind Hoover Dam in southern Nevada overlies deposits of gypsiferous sediments. Dissolution of this gypsum substantially increases the salinity of the Colorado River during its passage through the reservoir. 

At the Hoover Dam the difference in elevation from lake level to stream below the generators is about 750 ft. With 100 percent efficient machines, how many kilowatt hours can be recovered per kilogram of water passing through, the system ... 

Liquid turbines are large, slow-moving devices, and gas and steam turbines are small, fast-moving devices. This is easiest to see for an impulse turbine, for which we previously showed that the optimum velocity of the blade is one-half that o f the jet. So the speed of a single-stage impulse turbine rotor is set by the available jet speed. At Hoover Dam the fluid drops about 700 ft. Applying Bernou can solve for the... 

The development of strength with time for Portland cement is shown in Figure 2.9. The reactions give off a lot of heat (Figure 2.10). In very large concrete structures, such as the Hoover Dam at the Nevada-Arizona border in the United States, heat is a potential problem. Cooling pipes must be embedded in the concrete to pump the heat out. These pipes are left in place as a sort of reinforcement. In the case of the Hoover Dam, the construction... 

Hoover Dam is one of the Bureau of Reclamations multipurpose projects on the Colorado River. These projects control floods they store water for irrigation, municipal, and industrial use and they provide hydroelectric power, recreation, and fish and wildlife habitat. 

The Hoover Dam is a concrete arch—gravity pe of dam, in which the witer load is carried by both gravity action and horizontal arch action. The first concrete for the dam was placed on June 6, 1933, and the last concrete was placed in the dam on May 29, 1935. The following is a summary of some facts about the Hoover Dam. 

Hoover Dam itself contains 3.25 million yd of concrete. Altc eAer, Aere are 4,360,000 yd of concrete m Ae dam, power plant, and appurtenant wotits. This much concrete would build a monument 100 ft square and 2-1/2 mi hig would rise higher Aan Ae Empire State BuilAng (whiA is 1250 ft) if placed on an ordinary dty block or would pave a standard highway, 16 ft wide, from San Frandsco to New Ifork Qty. 

Hoover Dam generates low-cost hyAoelectric power for use in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam alone generates more than 4 billion kWh a year—enough to serve 1.3 mil-... 

The 165 million cost of Hoover Dam has been repaid, with interest, to the federal treasury through the sale of its power. Hoover Dam enei is marketed by the Western Area Power Administration to 15 entities in Arizona, California, and Nevada under contracts that expire in 2017. More than half, 56%, goes to southern California users Arizona contractors receive 19%, and Nevada users get 25%. The revenues from the sale of this power now pay for the dam s operation and maintenance. The power contractors also paid for the uprating of the power plant s nameplate capacity from 1.3 million to over 2.0 million kW... 

As mentioned in the article describing Hoover Dam, Lake Mead contains 28,537,000 acre-feet of water (an acre-foot is the amount of water required to cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 ft). Express this water volume in gallons and m ... 

Hoover Dam generates more than 4 billion kWh a year. How many 100-watt light bulbs could be powered every hour by the Hoover Dam s power plant ... 

How much coal must be burned in a steam power plant with a thermal efficiency of 34% to generate enough power to equal the 4 billion KWh a year generated by Hoover Dam Assume the coal comes from Montana (see Chapter 8 for heating value data). 

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