Hollow cavity

Backfill containing a large proportion of bentonite has a tendency to change its volume with variations in water content of the surrounding soil. This can lead to formation of hollow cavities in the backfill with a considerable decrease in the current delivery. A standard backfill consists of a mixture of 75% gypsum, 20% bentonite and 5% sodium sulfate. The specific resistivity of this backfill is initially 0.5 to 0.6 m and can rise with increased leaching to 1.5 m. 

The primary attribute for the security of a door is its strength. Many security doors are 4-20 gauge hollow metal doors consisting of steel plates over a hollow cavity reinforced with steel stiffeners to give the door extra stiffness and rigidity. This increases resistance to blunt force used to try to penetrate through the door. The space between the stiffeners may be filled with specialized materials to provide fire, blast, or bullet resistance to the door. 

The trajectory of an ion moving in such a potential presents a sequence of rectilinear sections placed between the points of elastic reflections of an ion from the walls of the well. We consider two variants of such a model related to one-dimensional and spatial motion of ion, depicted, respectively, in Figs. 47a and 47b. In the first variant the ion s motion during its lifetime59 presents periodic oscillations on the rectilinear section 2 lc between two reflection points. In the second variant we consider a spherically symmetric potential well, to which a spherical hollow cavity corresponds with the radius lc. 

Two piece bullet jacket cap covers hollow cavity... 

Antigen delivery through liposomes, hollow membrane-bound spheres, can be achieved by entrapping the molecule in the lipid membrane or inside the hollow cavity. Modified liposomes have been able to induce mucosal IgA responses compared to free antigen (Ann Clark et al. 2001 Aziz et al. 2007). Liposomes containing pertussis toxin (Guzman et al. 1993), Streptococcus mutans (Childers et al. 2002), or bovine serum albumin (Therien et al. 1990) as vaccine antigens have been tested in experimental models and induced effective antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses. 

Larger beads (e.g. 8 mm diameter) can be made by increasing the bore of the needle, and inclusion of gelatin (5%) in the cell suspension leads to beads containing hollow cavities as the gelatin dissolves during culture. 

Research on fullerenes is being reported at a frantic pace. It has been doped with metals to produce materials that are superconducting. Small atoms have been trapped within the hollow cavity of the ball, and chemists are currently attempting to trap other atoms, especially metals, within the cage. The properties of such caged metal atoms may be truly unique. 

Two major kinds of stem cells occur in the body the embryonic stem cell and the adult (somatic) stem cell. Embryonic stem cells lie inside the cell mass of the blastocyst. The blastocyst forms about two to five days after fertilization and contains a disc of about 30 cells. The trophoblast is a mass of cells that surrounds the blastocyst a blastocoel is the hollow cavity inside the embryo. The 30 embryonic stem cells are each pluripotent, and capable of changing into any cell of the body. 

Quarter-Wave Plates Honeycomb Structures Hollow Cavities... 

Incorporation of small molecules into the hollow cavities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) generates a new class of hybrid materials, which show potential applications ranging from nano-size containers for chemical reactions or for drug delivery to data storage and possibly high-temperature superconductors [181]. Because of their unique structure, such materials are called nano peapods [182]. 

At a certain flow rate, the jet velocity becomes sufficiently high to push back the particles from the immediate vicinity of the orifice, forming a relatively empty cavity. The particles surrounding the cavity are compressed against the material above, forming a compacted arch which offers a greater resistance to flow (see Fig. 5a). Therefore, despite the existence of a hollow cavity, the total pressure drop across the bed continues to rise. 

Potatoes with large, shallow feeding scars or hollow cavities. Causes White grubs cutworms cucumber beetles. White grubs are fat, whitish larvae that tend to feed over the whole surface of the potato. Adults are Japanese or June beetles. Apply parasitic nematodes to the soil before planting to control. 

The viscosity of caramel allows its employment as an adhesive and binder for instant sand-molds and foundry core for producing difiicultly accessible, hollow cavities in castings. Caramel binds together a sodium chloride, quartz, or metal-powder matrix to a mass that binds to aluminum or aluminum-alloy castings. On casting, such a binder produces only a small volume of combustion gases. The cores are readily removed, either mechanically or by dissolution. ... 

The non-specific adsorption of proteins on carbon nanotubes is an interesting phenomenon but represents a relatively less controllable mode of protein-CNT interaction. Moreover, in non-covalent immobilization process, the immobilized protein is in equilibrium between the surface of the carbon nanotubes and the solution and can therefore be gradually detached from the nano-material surface, a phenomenon called protein leakage [127]. To prevent the leaching of enzymes, covalent bonds have been used to attach the enzyme molecules to the nanostructured materials, which lead to more robust and predictable conjugation. Experimental evidences prove that proteins can be immobilized either in their hollow cavity or on the surface of carbon nanotubes [130]. 

Six [(Me3Si)2N]3M units are orientated about a six-fold rotation axis such that a cylindrical channel, large enough to include a benzene ring, is formed. This phenomenon has been described in some detail (9a). The existence of the hollow cavity accounts for the low density of the solid (ca. lg cm 3). A single crystal, when viewed under a microscope, appears to contain a hole in the center, the macroscopic structure apparently mirrors the microscopic array (9b). The molecular packing shows that the molecules are three-dimensional molecular sieves. 

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