Holley, Robert

The 1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was shared by Robert W Holley of Cornell University for determining the nucleotide sequence of phenylalanine transfer RNA... 

For most of the history of mankind, unraveling the nucleotide sequence of even a quite small nucleic acid was a formidable undertaking. Following 7 years of labor, Robert Holley solved the first such structure, that for an alanine tRNA from yeast, in 1961. This molecule contains a linear chain of 76 nucleotides and includes some unusual bases, which actually help in base sequence determination. For this achievement, Holley shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968. 

Marshall Warren Nirenberg, Har Gobind Korhana, and Robert Holley, figure out the genetic code... 

The second key advance was made by Mahlon Hoagland and Zamecnik, when they found that amino acids were activated when incubated with ATP and the cytosolic fraction of liver cells. The amino acids became attached to a heat-stable soluble RNA of the type that had been discovered and characterized by Robert Holley and later called transfer RNA (tRNA), to form aminoacyl-tRNAs. The enzymes that catalyze this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 

Protein synthesis (PS) Paul Zamecnic, Mahlon Hoagland (ribosomes, amino acyl-tRNA) Gobind Khorana, Robert Holley Marshall Nirenberg (genetic code protein synthesis, Nobel Prize, 1968, medicine) 9.2... 

Robert Holley (USA) Marshall Nirenberg (USA) (Nobel Prize, Medicine, 1968, genetic code protein synthesis) Sidney Altman Thomas Cech (USA, Nobel Prize, Chemistry, 1989, catalytic RNA)... 

Robert Holley first determined the base sequence of a tRNA molecule in 1965, as the culmination of 7 years of effort. Indeed, his study of yeast alanyl-tRNA provided the first complete sequence of any nucleic acid. This adapter molecule... 

The proportions of these bases and the sequence in which they follow each other along the polynucleotide chain differ from one kind of nucleic acid to another. This primary structure is studied in essentially the same way as the structure of proteins by hydrolytic degradation and identification of the fragments. In this way, and after seven years of work, Robert W. Holley and his collaborators at... 

Robert Holley first determined the base sequence of a tRNA molecule in 1965, as the culmination ul 7 years of effort, Indeed, his study of yeast alanyl-tRNA provided the first complete sequence of any nucleic acid. This adapter molecule is a single chain of 76 ribonucleotides (Figure 30.2). The 5 terminus is phosphorylated (pCi), whereas the 3 terminus has a free hydroxyl group. T he amino acid-attachment site is the 3 -hydroxyl group of the adenosine residue at the 3 terminus of the molecule. The sequence 5 - IGC-3 in the middle of the molecule is the anticodon, where I is the purine base inosine. It is complementary to 5 -GCC-3, one of the codons for alanine. 

American chemist Har Gobind Khorana, corecipient, with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg, of the 1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis. ... 

The genetic code was worked out independently by Marshall Nirenberg and Har Gobind Khorana, for which they shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Robert Holley, who worked on the structure of tRNA molecules, also shared that year s prize. 

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