Nirenberg, Marshall

In one of the early experiments designed to elucidate the genetic code, Marshall Nirenberg of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, 1968) prepared a synthetic mRNA in which all the bases were uracil. He added this poly(U) to a cell-free system containing all the necessary materials for protein biosynthesis. A polymer of a single amino acid was obtained. What amino acid was polymerized ... 

Marshall Warren Nirenberg, Har Gobind Korhana, and Robert Holley, figure out the genetic code... 

The work of Marshal Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei between 1961 and 1966 resulted in the cracking of the genetic code [18]. They demonstrated that a codon consisting of three nucleotide bases determines each of the 20 amino acids. 

In 1961 Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei reported the first breakthrough. They incubated synthetic polyuridylate, poly(U), with anE. coli extract, GTP, ATP, and a mixture of the 20 amino acids in 20 different tubes, each tube containing a different radioactively labeled amino acid. Because poly(U) mRNA is made up of many successive UUU triplets, it should promote the synthesis of a polypeptide containing only the amino acid encoded... 

H. Gobind Khorana and Marshall W. Nirenberg Physiology/Medicine The genetic code... 

The dedphering of the genetic code was begun by Marshall Nirenberg and coworkers by the use of synthetic polyribonucleotides of known base com-... 

Protein synthesis (PS) Paul Zamecnic, Mahlon Hoagland (ribosomes, amino acyl-tRNA) Gobind Khorana, Robert Holley Marshall Nirenberg (genetic code protein synthesis, Nobel Prize, 1968, medicine) 9.2... 

Robert Holley (USA) Marshall Nirenberg (USA) (Nobel Prize, Medicine, 1968, genetic code protein synthesis) Sidney Altman Thomas Cech (USA, Nobel Prize, Chemistry, 1989, catalytic RNA)... 

The genetic code is the relation between the sequence of bases in DNA (or its RNA transcripts) and the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Experiments by Marshall Nirenberg, Har Gobind Khorana, Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, and others established the following features of the genetic code by 1961 ... 

American chemist Har Gobind Khorana, corecipient, with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg, of the 1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis. ... 

The genetic code was worked out independently by Marshall Nirenberg and Har Gobind Khorana, for which they shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Robert Holley, who worked on the structure of tRNA molecules, also shared that year s prize. 

Marshall Nirenberg was born in New York in 1927. He received a bachelor s degree from the University of Florida and a PhD. from the University of Michigan. He is a scientist at the National Institutes of Health. 

Scientists set out to determine the specific codons for each amino acid. In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg prodnced the first crack in the genetic code (the collection of codons that specify all the amino acids fonnd in proteins). He showed that poly(U), a polynucleotide in which all the bases are uracil, produced polyphenylalanine in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. Thus, UUU must be... 

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